Which type of lung cancer is strongly associated with exposure to asbestos?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mesothelioma. Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, abdomen, or heart, and is primarily caused by exposure to asbestos fibers. Asbestos exposure is a well-established risk factor for developing mesothelioma. Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer are not typically associated with asbestos exposure. This association is key in determining the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cystic fibrosis. This genetic disorder is characterized by the buildup of thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and digestive system. Step 1: Cystic fibrosis specifically mentions the thick, sticky mucus, which is a key characteristic of the disorder. Step 2: Pulmonary fibrosis is a different condition where lung tissue becomes scarred and stiff. Step 3: Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, not mucus. Step 4: Bronchiectasis is a condition where the airways in the lungs become damaged and widened, not specifically related to thick mucus buildup.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A: Atrial fibrillation is the correct answer as it is characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atria due to disorganized electrical signals. This leads to inefficient pumping of blood and increases the risk of blood clots. B: Ventricular fibrillation is incorrect as it refers to rapid, irregular beating of the ventricles, which is life-threatening and requires immediate medical intervention. C: Atrial flutter is incorrect as it is characterized by a rapid but regular beating of the atria, different from the irregular pattern seen in atrial fibrillation. D: Sinus tachycardia is incorrect as it is a normal response to stress, exercise, or excitement, characterized by a fast but regular heartbeat originating from the sinus node in the heart.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy refers to a condition where the heart muscle is weakened and unable to pump blood effectively, leading to heart failure. This is because the heart muscle becomes enlarged, thickened, or stiff, affecting its ability to pump blood efficiently. Incorrect choices: B: Myocarditis - Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle, not necessarily associated with weakening of the heart muscle leading to heart failure. C: Endocarditis - Endocarditis is inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, not directly related to the weakening of the heart muscle. D: Pericarditis - Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium (the outer lining of the heart), and does not directly involve the weakening of the heart muscle.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aortic dissection. This condition involves a tear in the inner layer of the aorta, leading to severe pain and internal bleeding. The tearing causes blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, which can be life-threatening. Aneurysm (B) is the abnormal bulging of a weakened blood vessel, not necessarily involving tearing. Stroke (C) is a brain-related condition, not related to the aorta. Myocardial infarction (D) is a heart attack due to blockage of blood flow to the heart, not directly involving the aorta.