Which type of hepatitis is a DNA virus, can be transmitted via exposure to infectious blood or body fluids, is required for HDV to replicate, and increases the risk of the chronic carrier for hepatocellular cancer?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Hepatitis B (HBV) is a DNA virus. 2. It can be transmitted via exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. 3. HBV is required for HDV to replicate. 4. Chronic carriers of HBV are at increased risk for hepatocellular cancer. Summary: - Choice A (HAV) is incorrect because it is an RNA virus and not associated with chronic carrier state or hepatocellular cancer. - Choice C (HCV) is incorrect as it is an RNA virus, not required for HDV replication, and has a different risk profile for hepatocellular cancer. - Choice D (HEV) is incorrect as it is an RNA virus and not linked to HDV replication or chronic carrier state.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because after a cholecystectomy, the gallbladder is removed, and bile flows continuously from the liver into the intestine. Initially, the intestine may struggle to adjust to this continuous flow of bile, leading to difficulty in digesting fats. Therefore, a low-fat diet is recommended for a few weeks post-surgery to aid in this adjustment period. This answer acknowledges the temporary need for a low-fat diet until the body adapts. Choice A is incorrect because the primary purpose of a low-fat diet post-cholecystectomy is not to prevent further gallstones but to aid in fat digestion. Choice B is incorrect as the body can still digest fats adequately even without a gallbladder, though it may take some time to adjust. Choice D is incorrect because while the pain associated with fat intake may be eliminated, it is still important to follow dietary recommendations post-surgery for optimal recovery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver disorders. Rifampin and isoniazid are known to potentially cause hepatotoxicity. The nurse should monitor for signs of liver dysfunction such as jaundice, dark urine, abdominal pain, and elevated liver enzymes. Gallstones (A) are not commonly associated with these medications. Bleeding ulcers (C) are not a common side effect of rifampin and isoniazid. Esophagitis (D) is more commonly associated with other medications like bisphosphonates.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, all of the above. 1. Breakdown products of digestion activate chemoreceptors in the digestive organs. 2. Distension triggers stretch receptors in the walls of the organs. 3. pH of chyme stimulates pH receptors. 4. All three stimuli work together to regulate and coordinate digestive processes. Therefore, D is correct as all options activate sensors in the walls of digestive organs. Choice A is incorrect because it only refers to chemoreceptors, overlooking the other types of receptors involved. Choice B is incorrect as it only mentions distension, omitting the roles of chemical stimuli. Choice C is incorrect as it solely focuses on pH receptors, neglecting the other types of sensors involved in digestion.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Purulent drainage from the incision site. Purulent drainage indicates an active infection, requiring immediate attention and intervention to prevent serious complications. Redness and a low-grade fever can be common in the early stages of healing and may not necessarily indicate infection. Complaints of mild cramping are also common post-surgery and may not specifically point to infection. Purulent drainage is a more specific and concerning sign of infection as it indicates the presence of pus and bacteria at the incision site, requiring prompt medical evaluation and treatment to prevent further complications.