Which type of gastritis is most likely to occur in a college student who has an isolated drinking binge?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Acute gastritis. This type of gastritis is most likely to occur in a college student after an isolated drinking binge due to the irritation caused by excessive alcohol consumption on the stomach lining. The rapid onset of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain align with acute gastritis. Chronic gastritis (B) develops over time with prolonged irritation, not from a one-time binge. Helicobacter pylori gastritis (C) is typically associated with a bacterial infection rather than alcohol consumption. Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (D) is a chronic condition associated with autoimmune reactions, not acute alcohol-induced irritation as seen in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: dietary intake. This is crucial in colorectal cancer management as certain dietary factors can influence the risk of developing or exacerbating the condition. High intake of red and processed meats, low fiber intake, and obesity are known risk factors. Asking about dietary intake helps assess the patient's risk profile and allows for tailored interventions. Explanation for other choices: B: Sports involvement is not directly related to colorectal cancer risk factors. C: Environmental exposure to carcinogens may be relevant in other types of cancer, but it is not a primary risk factor for colorectal cancer. D: Long-term use of NSAIDs is more relevant in preventing colorectal cancer rather than obtaining a history from a patient already diagnosed with the condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Hepatitis B (HBV) is a DNA virus. 2. It can be transmitted via exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. 3. HBV is required for HDV to replicate. 4. Chronic carriers of HBV are at increased risk for hepatocellular cancer. Summary: - Choice A (HAV) is incorrect because it is an RNA virus and not associated with chronic carrier state or hepatocellular cancer. - Choice C (HCV) is incorrect as it is an RNA virus, not required for HDV replication, and has a different risk profile for hepatocellular cancer. - Choice D (HEV) is incorrect as it is an RNA virus and not linked to HDV replication or chronic carrier state.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Prevent constipation to reduce ammonia production. In hepatic encephalopathy, the liver is unable to metabolize ammonia, leading to its accumulation and brain dysfunction. Preventing constipation helps reduce the production of ammonia by promoting regular bowel movements. This is crucial in managing hepatic encephalopathy to prevent worsening of symptoms and improve patient safety. A: Turning the patient every 3 hours is important for preventing pressure ulcers but is not directly related to managing hepatic encephalopathy. B: Encouraging increasing ambulation may be beneficial for overall patient health but does not directly address the priority of reducing ammonia production in hepatic encephalopathy. C: Assisting the patient to the bathroom is important for maintaining hygiene and comfort but does not address the underlying issue of reducing ammonia production in hepatic encephalopathy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because after a cholecystectomy, the gallbladder is removed, and bile flows continuously from the liver into the intestine. Initially, the intestine may struggle to adjust to this continuous flow of bile, leading to difficulty in digesting fats. Therefore, a low-fat diet is recommended for a few weeks post-surgery to aid in this adjustment period. This answer acknowledges the temporary need for a low-fat diet until the body adapts. Choice A is incorrect because the primary purpose of a low-fat diet post-cholecystectomy is not to prevent further gallstones but to aid in fat digestion. Choice B is incorrect as the body can still digest fats adequately even without a gallbladder, though it may take some time to adjust. Choice D is incorrect because while the pain associated with fat intake may be eliminated, it is still important to follow dietary recommendations post-surgery for optimal recovery.