Which type of epidemiological study would the nurse utilize to examine the relationship between smoking and lung cancer in a population?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cohort study. In a cohort study, the nurse can follow a group of individuals over time (longitudinal study) to observe the development of lung cancer in relation to smoking habits. This study design allows for the establishment of temporal relationships and can determine if smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer. Explanation of other choices: A: Cross-sectional study - This type of study captures data at a single point in time and does not show causality or temporal relationships. C: Case-control study - This study design is retrospective and compares individuals with and without the disease to identify potential risk factors. It may not establish temporal relationships as effectively as a cohort study. D: Experimental study - In an experimental study, the nurse would intervene by assigning participants to different groups (smokers vs. non-smokers) and observing outcomes. However, this design may not be ethical or feasible when studying the relationship between smoking and lung cancer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: CBPR involves active collaboration between researchers and community members. Step 2: In CBPR, community members contribute their expertise and perspectives. Step 3: Choice B is correct as it highlights the key principle of equal partnership in CBPR. Step 4: Choice A is incorrect as CBPR emphasizes collaboration, not imposition. Step 5: Choice C is incorrect as CBPR can utilize both quantitative and qualitative data. Step 6: Choice D is incorrect as community members play a crucial role in interpreting research findings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assessing changes in the health outcomes of the community. This method is the most effective because it directly measures the impact of the health promotion program on the community's health status. By analyzing changes in health outcomes such as reduced disease incidence or improved health behaviors, one can objectively determine the program's effectiveness. A: Conducting a satisfaction survey of program participants may provide feedback on program satisfaction but does not measure actual health impact. C: Interviewing key community leaders may provide insights on program success but does not directly assess health outcomes. D: Counting the number of individuals who attended program sessions only measures program reach, not its impact on health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because collaborating with local schools to teach children healthy eating habits is the most effective strategy for long-term impact. By educating children on healthy habits early on, it can help prevent obesity in the future. This approach focuses on prevention rather than just addressing existing obesity rates. Providing information (A) may not lead to behavior change. Offering free fitness classes (B) may not address the root cause of obesity. Hosting a weight loss competition (C) may promote unhealthy weight loss methods. Collaborating with schools (D) is a proactive and sustainable approach.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because providing free vaccinations at local community centers directly addresses the barrier of cost, which is a common reason for low vaccination rates. This intervention removes a financial obstacle for community members, making it more likely for them to get vaccinated. A: Providing educational materials is important, but cost can still be a barrier. C: Conducting a survey may provide insights, but it doesn't directly increase vaccination rates. D: Sending reminders is helpful but may not address the underlying issue of cost.