Which type of classification system is being used when drugs are grouped together because they help treat a particular disease or condition?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Therapeutic classification groups drugs by disease or condition treated (e.g., antihypertensives for hypertension), focusing on clinical use. Mechanism of action (e.g., beta-blockers) targets how drugs work. Chemical classification uses structure. Pharmacological overlaps but emphasizes action. Therapeutic fits, reflecting treatment purpose, a practical nursing framework.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Paracetamol overdose risks fatal hepatotoxicity via NAPQI, a toxic metabolite depleting glutathione. Methionine replenishes glutathione orally, effective if given early, but less preferred due to slower action and GI upset. Acetylcysteine, administered IV or orally, directly supplies glutathione precursors, neutralizing NAPQI within the critical 8-12 hour window, making it the first-choice antidote per global guidelines (e.g., Rumack-Matthew nomogram). It's superior for its rapid efficacy, especially beyond 8 hours, preventing liver failure. Naloxone reverses opioids, irrelevant here. Dicobalt edetate treats cyanide poisoning, not paracetamol. Flumazenil targets benzodiazepines. Acetylcysteine's mechanism and timing flexibility ensure maximal survival, critical in emergency settings where overdose severity varies.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Metformin is a medication commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes by helping to control high blood sugar levels. It works by decreasing the amount of sugar produced by the liver and increasing the body's response to insulin. By aiding in controlling blood glucose levels, metformin helps prevent complications of diabetes such as kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, and loss of limbs. It does not lower blood pressure, diminish seizure activity, increase heart rate, or decrease gastrointestinal secretions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a patient begins to experience chest pain, especially during physical activity like mowing the lawn on a hot day, the first action should be to stop the activity immediately and sit or lie down. This is because chest pain could be a sign of a serious issue like a heart attack. By stopping the physical activity and resting, the patient can help reduce the workload on the heart and potentially prevent further strain or damage. It is important to take chest pain seriously and seek medical attention promptly.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: To calculate the amount of aspirin in milligrams in a 5-gram tablet, we first need to convert 5 grams to milligrams. Since 1 gram is equal to 1000 milligrams, then 5 grams is equal to 5000 milligrams.