Which type of cells produce insulin in the pancreas?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: beta cells. Beta cells are the specific type of cells in the pancreas responsible for producing insulin. They are located in the islets of Langerhans and play a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. Acinar cells (A) are responsible for producing digestive enzymes, duct cells (B) are involved in transporting pancreatic enzymes, and alpha cells (C) produce glucagon, which has the opposite effect of insulin in regulating blood sugar. Therefore, the correct choice is beta cells as they are the primary insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because grilled chicken breast with white rice is a low-fiber, easily digestible option suitable for a client with diverticulitis. High-fiber foods like celery (choice A), green salad (choice B), and green peas (choice C) can worsen symptoms by irritating the inflamed diverticula. Pork tenderloin (choice C) is high in fat, which can be difficult to digest. Grilled chicken breast with white rice provides protein and carbohydrates without aggravating the condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Peritonitis can occur as a complication of septicemia because the infection can spread to the peritoneum, causing inflammation and infection. Septicemia is the presence of pathogenic organisms in the bloodstream, which can lead to systemic inflammation and infection throughout the body, including the peritoneum. In contrast, multiple organ failure, hypovolemic shock, and peptic ulcer disease are not direct causes of peritonitis. Multiple organ failure involves dysfunction of various organs, hypovolemic shock is caused by severe blood loss leading to inadequate perfusion, and peptic ulcer disease is related to the erosion of the stomach lining. Hence, the correct answer is A, as septicemia is a direct cause of peritonitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: serosa, visceral peritoneum. The outer layer of the GI tract is called the serosa, which is composed of connective tissue and a simple squamous epithelium known as the visceral peritoneum. The serosa helps to protect and support the GI tract. A: adventitia, visceral peritoneum - Adventitia is a dense connective tissue layer found in structures that are not intraperitoneal, whereas the visceral peritoneum is specific to the peritoneal cavity. C: serosa, parietal peritoneum - The parietal peritoneum is the outer layer of the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity, not the outer layer of the GI tract. D: adventitia, parietal peritoneum - Similar to choice A, the parietal peritoneum is not part of the outer layer of the GI tract.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: premolars and molars. Deciduous teeth consist of incisors, canines, and molars, totaling 20 in children. Adults have 32 permanent teeth, which include incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Therefore, the 12 additional teeth in adults are the premolars and molars, making choice C the correct answer. Choice A (incisors and canines) is incorrect because these teeth are present in both deciduous and permanent dentition. Choice B (canines and premolars) is incorrect as it does not account for all 12 additional teeth in adults. Choice D (all molars) is incorrect as it excludes the premolars, which are also part of the additional teeth in adults.