Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Body systems. This type of assessment promotes critical thinking by organizing data systematically based on different body systems, allowing for clustering of similar data and identification of patterns. Comprehensive assessments (B) may include body systems but lack the focused approach of promoting critical thinking. Head to toe assessments (C) are systematic but may not encourage clustering of data. Emergency assessments (D) prioritize immediate interventions rather than promoting critical thinking or clustering of data.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Drinking caffeinated beverages can potentially increase blood pressure due to their stimulant effect. Limiting caffeine intake is recommended for patients with hypertension. Statement A is correct as reducing sodium and increasing potassium intake can help lower blood pressure. Statement B is correct as processed foods and fast food are typically high in sodium and unhealthy fats, which can worsen hypertension. Statement D is correct as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are part of a heart-healthy diet for managing hypertension.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Encourage deep breathing exercises. For a client with a history of asthma and wheezing, deep breathing exercises help improve lung function and reduce the frequency of asthma attacks. These exercises can strengthen respiratory muscles, increase lung capacity, and enhance overall breathing efficiency. Administering bronchodilators (choice A) may provide immediate relief but does not address long-term management. Administering oxygen and encouraging fluid intake (choice B) may be helpful in certain situations but does not specifically target asthma symptoms. Administering corticosteroids (choice C) is typically used for severe asthma exacerbations and should not be the first-line treatment for someone with a history of asthma and wheezing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Begin with the head. This is the most appropriate action as starting with the head allows the nurse to establish rapport with the infant and assess their level of alertness before progressing further. By starting at the head, the nurse can also observe the infant's facial expressions and interactions with the caregiver, providing valuable information about the infant's overall well-being. Assessing reflexes first (Choice A) may startle the infant, asking the parent to undress the child (Choice B) can be done after the initial assessment, and beginning with the legs (Choice D) does not prioritize the critical areas of observation such as the head and face.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Place the client in a supine position. This is the first step when administering Heparin to prevent bleeding or bruising at the injection site. Placing the client in a supine position helps reduce the risk of injury and promotes optimal absorption. Administering antipyretics (Choice A) is not the first step in administering Heparin. Administering insulin (Choice C) is unrelated to Heparin administration. Monitoring vital signs (Choice D) is important but typically done after the initial step of positioning the client correctly.