Which type of assessment promotes critical thinking and clustering of similar data?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Body systems. This type of assessment promotes critical thinking by organizing data systematically based on different body systems, allowing for clustering of similar data and identification of patterns. Comprehensive assessments (B) may include body systems but lack the focused approach of promoting critical thinking. Head to toe assessments (C) are systematic but may not encourage clustering of data. Emergency assessments (D) prioritize immediate interventions rather than promoting critical thinking or clustering of data.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because critical thinking helps nurses analyze complex situations, identify relevant information, and plan effective interventions. It allows for systematic problem-solving and decision-making, leading to optimal patient care outcomes. Choice A is incorrect as critical thinking doesn't guarantee immediate answers. Choice C is incorrect because critical thinking complements clinical guidelines rather than replacing them. Choice D is incorrect as physical assessments are essential in nursing care and critical thinking enhances, not bypasses, this process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The nurse should prevent infiltration of calcium to avoid tissue necrosis and sloughing. Infiltration of calcium can lead to severe tissue damage due to its caustic nature. Therefore, the nurse should be vigilant in monitoring the IV site and ensuring proper placement to prevent this complication. Choice A is incorrect because infusing hypertonic solutions rapidly can lead to fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances. Choice B is incorrect because exceeding the recommended amount of potassium per liter of fluid can result in hyperkalemia, which can be dangerous. Choice D is incorrect because calcium does not diminish digitalis's action; in fact, calcium can potentiate the effects of digitalis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: not pulling to a standing position. In an 11-12-month-old child, the inability to pull to a standing position may indicate developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) as it can lead to abnormal hip development. Refusal to walk (A) can be a sign of other musculoskeletal issues but not specific to DDH. Negative Trendelenburg sign (C) refers to weakness in the hip abductors and is not a specific finding for DDH. A negative Ortolani sign (D) indicates the absence of hip dislocation and is not a definitive sign of DDH at this age.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: decrease maternal fluids. When fetal distress is indicated, decreasing maternal fluids helps prevent further stress on the fetus by reducing the volume of amniotic fluid. This can help improve blood flow to the placenta and oxygen delivery to the baby. Increasing maternal fluids (choice A) can worsen the situation by potentially increasing amniotic fluid volume and further compromising fetal oxygenation. Administering oxygen (choice B) is important to improve oxygen supply to the fetus. Turning the mother (choice D) can help relieve pressure on the baby but is not the primary action when fetal distress is indicated.