Which tubes drain gastric contents (select all that apply)?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is option D) Indwelling catheter. An indwelling catheter, also known as a Salem Sump or Levin tube, is specifically designed to drain gastric contents. It is inserted through the nose or mouth, down the esophagus, and into the stomach to remove stomach contents, provide decompression, or administer enteral feedings. Option A) T-tube is incorrect as it is typically used for bile drainage after gallbladder surgery, not gastric drainage. Option B) Hemovac is incorrect as it is a closed wound drainage system used to remove blood and other fluids from a surgical site, not gastric contents. Option C) Nasogastric tube is incorrect in this context as it is used for various purposes such as decompression, feeding, or medication administration, but it is not specifically designed to drain gastric contents like an indwelling catheter. Educationally, understanding the purpose and appropriate use of different types of tubes in clinical practice is crucial for nursing students and healthcare professionals. It is essential to differentiate between various tubes to provide safe and effective patient care based on their specific indications and functions. This knowledge helps in preventing complications and ensuring proper treatment interventions for patients requiring tube management.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Pilocarpine. Pilocarpine is a parasympathomimetic drug that acts on the muscarinic receptors in the eye, causing constriction of the pupil (miosis). This medication is commonly used to treat conditions like glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure. Option A) Epinephrine (Adrenalin) is a sympathomimetic drug that acts on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, causing dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) rather than constriction. Option B) Acetazolamide (Diamox) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to decrease intraocular pressure in glaucoma but does not directly affect pupil size. Option C) Atropine is an anticholinergic drug that blocks muscarinic receptors, leading to pupil dilation (mydriasis) rather than constriction. Educationally, understanding the pharmacological actions of different drugs on the eye is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to patients with eye conditions. Knowing the specific effects of medications like pilocarpine can help nurses monitor for intended therapeutic outcomes and potential side effects related to pupillary changes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) has difficulty seeing objects that are very close because her lens is less elastic. Presbyopia is a common age-related condition where the lens of the eye loses its elasticity, making it harder to focus on close objects. This is why Mrs. Williams is experiencing difficulty with near vision. Option A is incorrect because presbyopia affects near vision, not distance vision. Option B is incorrect because nearsightedness (myopia) is the opposite of presbyopia. Option C is incorrect as presbyopia is not caused by a curvature in the eye but rather by the loss of lens elasticity. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to understand common age-related conditions like presbyopia to provide appropriate care and advice to patients. By knowing the correct symptoms and characteristics of presbyopia, healthcare providers can offer effective treatment options and help patients manage their vision changes as they age.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The best response to the patient who completed detoxing from heroin and feels misunderstood by family members is option B: "Ask your family members if they ever had the flu. Tell them that withdrawal is like having the worst flu they ever had." This response is the most appropriate because it uses a relatable analogy to help family members understand the intensity and discomfort of withdrawal symptoms. By comparing withdrawal to a severe flu, it helps bridge the gap in understanding between the patient and their family. Option A is incorrect because suggesting Alcoholics Anonymous may not directly address the patient's concern about their family's lack of understanding. Option C is incorrect as comparing withdrawal to going on a diet trivializes the physical and psychological struggles associated with withdrawal. Option D is highly inappropriate and dangerous advice as it encourages the patient to use heroin, which contradicts the goal of recovery and sobriety. In an educational context, it's crucial for healthcare providers to communicate effectively with patients and their families to facilitate understanding and support. Using analogies that are relatable and easy to comprehend can help bridge communication gaps and foster empathy and support for individuals recovering from substance abuse. Educating patients and their families about the challenges of withdrawal can promote a more supportive and understanding environment essential for successful recovery.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) To treat the symptoms of withdrawal while the body removes the substance from the patient's bloodstream. This option is correct because during withdrawal, the body experiences physical and psychological symptoms as it adjusts to the absence of the substance. Treating these symptoms helps the patient cope with the discomfort and reduces the risk of complications or relapse. By managing withdrawal symptoms, healthcare providers can support the patient through this challenging phase of recovery. Option A is incorrect because withdrawal treatment involves more than just removing the drug from the bloodstream. It also addresses the symptoms and effects of withdrawal on the body and mind. Option B is incorrect as it oversimplifies the purpose of withdrawal treatment, focusing solely on relapse prevention rather than holistic symptom management. Option C is incorrect because while psychological dependency may be a component of withdrawal, treatment primarily focuses on addressing the physical symptoms to ensure patient safety and comfort during the detoxification process. In an educational context, understanding the rationale for treating withdrawal is crucial for nursing students to provide effective care to patients with substance use disorders. By comprehending the physiological and psychological aspects of withdrawal, students can develop comprehensive care plans that address the complex needs of individuals going through this challenging process.