ATI RN
Principles of Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which treatments will the nurse anticipate administering to a patient who has been admitted with alcohol toxicity? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thiamine. Thiamine is essential in treating alcohol toxicity to prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Naloxone (A) is used for opioid overdose, not alcohol toxicity. Intravenous fluids (C) are given to treat dehydration but not specific to alcohol toxicity. Naltrexone (D) is used for alcohol dependence, not acute toxicity. Therefore, Thiamine is the most appropriate choice for treating alcohol toxicity.
Question 2 of 5
The clinic nurse is preparing to administer an intradermal injection. Which needle and gauge are most appropriate for this procedure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: ¾ to ⅛-inch needle, 25 to 27 gauge. 1. For intradermal injections, a short needle length (¾ to ⅛ inch) is required to deliver the medication into the dermis layer beneath the epidermis. 2. A smaller gauge needle (25 to 27 gauge) is ideal for intradermal injections to minimize tissue damage and ensure accurate delivery into the dermal layer. 3. Choice B is incorrect as a longer needle length is not suitable for intradermal injections and larger gauge needles may cause tissue trauma. 4. Choice C is incorrect as a 20 to 21 gauge needle is too large for intradermal injections and can lead to inaccurate medication placement. 5. Choice D is incorrect as a tuberculin syringe is not typically used for standard intradermal injections due to its larger size and volume capacity.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following antibiotics inhibit the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cephalosporins inhibit the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), disrupting cell wall formation. They are beta-lactam antibiotics, similar to penicillins. Macrolides (A) inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, aminoglycosides (B) interfere with protein synthesis, and tetracyclines (D) inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial ribosome.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following are likely to be excreted more rapidly in basic urine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Weakly acidic drugs. In basic urine (pH > 7), weakly acidic drugs will be more ionized and therefore less reabsorbed in the renal tubules, leading to faster excretion. Weakly basic drugs (A) will be more unionized in basic urine and reabsorbed. Lipid-soluble drugs (B) are typically reabsorbed regardless of urine pH. Protein-conjugated substances (D) are usually metabolized before excretion, so urine pH has minimal impact on their excretion rate.
Question 5 of 5
In passive diffusion, drugs are transported across the membrane via
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Passive diffusion involves movement of drug molecules across the cell membrane lipid layer from an area of high concentration to low concentration, without the need for energy or carrier proteins. Lipid-soluble drugs can easily diffuse through the lipid bilayer due to their hydrophobic nature. This process is driven by the concentration gradient and follows Fick's law of diffusion. Ion channels (B) facilitate the movement of ions, not drugs. Methyl residues (C) and transport proteins (D) are not directly involved in passive diffusion of drugs.