Which therapy is effective for treating sleep problems, stress, and seasonal affective disorders?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Light therapy. Light therapy is effective for treating sleep problems, stress, and seasonal affective disorders because exposure to bright light can regulate circadian rhythms, improve mood, and alleviate symptoms associated with these conditions. Light therapy helps reset the body's internal clock, promoting better sleep patterns and reducing stress. Exercise (choice B) can also improve sleep and reduce stress, but it may not specifically target seasonal affective disorders. Medication (choice C) and herbal treatments (choice D) are not typically recommended as the first-line treatment for these conditions and may have side effects or limited efficacy compared to light therapy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: dominant health care culture. The scenario illustrates the influence of the dominant health care culture, where the daughter, as a dental hygienist, is advocating for her mother to follow the plan of care based on her professional knowledge and beliefs. This highlights the power dynamics and authority within the healthcare system, where individuals with certain expertise may exert influence over others, even family members. This is distinct from generational differences (A) which focus on age-related disparities, lack of respect for independence (C) which emphasizes autonomy and decision-making, and critical cultural perspective (D) which involves a deeper analysis of cultural influences on healthcare interactions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pernicious anemia. This condition is characterized by a deficiency in vitamin B12, leading to neurological symptoms like tingling sensations in the feet (peripheral neuropathy) and glossitis, causing the tongue to become red and painful. Polycythemia (A) is an increase in red blood cell mass, not related to the symptoms described. Micronucleus anemia (C) is not a recognized medical condition. Iron-deficiency anemia (D) can lead to symptoms like fatigue and pallor, but not typically tingling sensations in the feet or glossitis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A (Broccoli, oranges, dark greens) because these foods are high in soluble fiber, antioxidants, and plant sterols which are known to help lower cholesterol levels. Broccoli contains fiber that binds to cholesterol in the gut, oranges are rich in vitamin C and fiber, and dark greens like spinach and kale are packed with antioxidants and fiber. Option B (Fiber-rich foods) is partially correct as fiber can help reduce cholesterol levels, but it is not as specific as the foods mentioned in option A. Option C (Increase intake of omega-3 fatty acids) is not directly related to lowering cholesterol, although omega-3s have other health benefits. Option D (Eliminate fat-rich foods) is not ideal as not all fats are bad for cholesterol, and some healthy fats like those found in avocados and nuts can actually improve cholesterol levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. High HDL cholesterol is associated with decreased cardiovascular disease risk. 2. HDL cholesterol helps remove LDL cholesterol from arteries, reducing plaque buildup. 3. This leads to lower risk of heart disease and stroke. 4. Low HDL cholesterol (choice B) is associated with increased risk. 5. Low total cholesterol (choice C) and low triglycerides (choice D) do not directly correlate with decreased cardiovascular disease risk. Summary: High HDL cholesterol is beneficial for cardiovascular health as it helps reduce plaque buildup in arteries. Low HDL cholesterol, low total cholesterol, and low triglycerides are not associated with decreased cardiovascular disease risk.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer fluids. Administering fluids is the priority when caring for a client receiving a blood transfusion to prevent circulatory overload. Vital signs (A) should be monitored before and after the transfusion but are not the priority. Monitoring for transfusion reactions (C) is important but comes after administering fluids. Obtaining a blood sample (D) is not a priority during a blood transfusion. Administering fluids ensures adequate hydration and prevents complications during the transfusion process.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer albuterol. Albuterol is a bronchodilator that helps open airways, making it effective in treating respiratory distress. It works quickly to relieve symptoms such as shortness of breath and wheezing. Corticosteroids (B) may be used in conjunction with albuterol for severe cases, but albuterol is the immediate intervention. Providing pain relief (C) is not the primary intervention for respiratory distress. Nebulizers (D) are a delivery method for medications like albuterol, but the key intervention is administering the medication itself.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer oxygen. In ARDS, the primary issue is hypoxemia due to impaired gas exchange in the lungs. Administering oxygen helps to increase the oxygen levels in the blood, improving oxygenation to vital organs. Corticosteroids (B) are not indicated as they have not shown consistent benefit in ARDS treatment. Bronchodilators (C) are not effective as ARDS is not primarily a bronchoconstrictive disorder. Applying an ice pack to the chest (D) is not relevant and will not address the underlying hypoxemia. Administering oxygen is the most effective and essential intervention to correct hypoxemia in ARDS.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A - Administer IV fluids. This is the priority intervention for a client with suspected hypovolemia and hypotension as it helps to restore intravascular volume and improve blood pressure. IV fluids will address the underlying cause of hypotension by increasing circulating volume. Monitoring blood pressure (B) is important but administering IV fluids takes precedence. Administering corticosteroids (C) is not indicated for hypovolemia and hypotension. Administering oxygen (D) may be necessary if there is evidence of hypoxia, but addressing fluid volume status is the primary concern in this scenario.