Which theorist most influenced the professional practice of psychiatric nursing?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the field of psychiatric nursing, Hildegard Peplau is considered the most influential theorist due to her groundbreaking work in the development of the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations emphasizes the importance of the nurse's role in helping patients navigate through their emotional and psychological struggles. By focusing on the therapeutic relationship, Peplau revolutionized psychiatric nursing practice by highlighting the significance of empathy, trust, and communication in patient care. Harry Stack Sullivan is known for his interpersonal theory but his work mainly focuses on interpersonal relationships and communication patterns rather than specifically on psychiatric nursing practice. Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory and Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning theory are more relevant to general psychology and behaviorism, rather than the specialized field of psychiatric nursing. Educationally, understanding the contributions of Hildegard Peplau is crucial for psychiatric nursing students as it provides a solid foundation in therapeutic communication skills and the importance of the nurse-patient relationship in promoting mental health and wellbeing. By studying Peplau's work, students can learn how to effectively engage with patients, develop trust, and provide holistic care in psychiatric settings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the nurse to take is to offer the client information about a support group for parents (Option D). This is the most appropriate choice because it addresses the client's need for support in caring for their children while also acknowledging the client's role as a parent. Option A, notifying child protective services, is not the best choice in this situation as there is no immediate evidence of harm or danger to the children. This option could potentially strain the nurse-client relationship and cause unnecessary distress for the client. Option B, encouraging the children to visit the psychiatric unit, may not be suitable as it could expose the children to an environment that may not be appropriate or beneficial for them at their age. Option C, suggesting the children live with other relatives, may not be feasible for the client or in the best interest of the children if there are no suitable relatives available or if it disrupts the bond between the parent and children. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to provide client-centered care that considers the client's individual circumstances, needs, and preferences. Offering information about a support group empowers the client to seek help and resources while promoting a collaborative approach to care. It also demonstrates the nurse's understanding of the client's challenges and commitment to holistic care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a behavioral nursing context, developing a relapse prevention plan for a client in a detoxification unit is crucial for their successful recovery. Option B, which includes finding a support person or sponsor, identifying triggers, and developing new coping skills, is the correct choice. This option is effective because it addresses the need for social support, awareness of triggers that may lead to relapse, and the development of healthy coping strategies to manage cravings and stress. Option A is incorrect because while locking up substances and turning over finances can be helpful strategies, limiting partying with former friends to once weekly may still expose the client to high-risk situations that can trigger relapse. Option C is also incorrect as isolation and limiting social contacts can exacerbate feelings of loneliness and increase the risk of relapse. Taking a leave of absence from the job may not be necessary if the client has a supportive work environment. Option D is not ideal as having a support person live in the client's home and preventing substance use may create a codependent relationship and hinder the client's autonomy and responsibility in managing their recovery. Educationally, understanding the importance of social support, trigger identification, and coping skills in relapse prevention plans equips nurses with the knowledge to provide comprehensive and effective care for clients undergoing detoxification. By focusing on empowering clients to develop self-awareness and healthy coping mechanisms, nurses can support long-term recovery and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Heart disease and stroke. When a client regularly uses methamphetamine, they are at high risk for developing blood vessel constriction and spasming, leading to increased blood pressure and strain on the cardiovascular system. This can result in a higher likelihood of developing heart disease and experiencing a stroke due to the increased stress on the heart and blood vessels. Option B) Brain trauma and injury is incorrect because while methamphetamine use can have neurological effects, such as altering brain function and increasing the risk of stroke, the primary concern related to blood vessel constriction and spasming is the cardiovascular impact rather than direct brain trauma. Option C) Bone loss and osteoporosis is incorrect as these conditions are not directly associated with the vascular effects of methamphetamine use. Bone health is typically affected by factors such as nutrition, physical activity, and hormonal balance rather than blood vessel constriction. Option D) Liver and pancreatic disease is incorrect because although methamphetamine use can have detrimental effects on the liver and pancreas, the immediate concern related to blood vessel constriction and spasming is more closely linked to cardiovascular complications rather than specific liver or pancreatic diseases. In an educational context, understanding the potential health consequences of substance use is crucial for nurses to provide comprehensive care to clients. By recognizing the specific risks associated with methamphetamine use, nurses can implement appropriate interventions and educate clients on the importance of addressing these health concerns to prevent long-term complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of behavioral nursing, understanding personality disorders is crucial for providing effective care to patients. Cluster C personality disorders are characterized by anxious and fearful behaviors. Dependent personality disorder, the correct answer (D), falls under this cluster. This disorder is marked by a pervasive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behavior. Antisocial personality disorder (A) belongs to cluster B, characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors. Borderline personality disorder (B) also falls under cluster B and is marked by instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions. Paranoid personality disorder (C) is part of cluster A, which includes odd or eccentric behaviors. Educationally, understanding the clusters of personality disorders helps nurses differentiate between them and tailor interventions accordingly. Recognizing the characteristics of each cluster aids in developing individualized care plans and providing appropriate support to patients with personality disorders.