Which test would the client undergo to diagnose systemic lupus erythematosus?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the indirect immunofluorescence test. This test is used to detect autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus by analyzing blood samples for specific autoantibodies. It helps identify antibodies that target the body's tissues, a hallmark of lupus. A, the patch test, is used to evaluate allergic dermatitis and photoallergic reactions, not for diagnosing lupus. B, the photo patch test, is specific for identifying allergic reactions to light exposure, not lupus. C, the direct immunofluorescence test is more commonly used to diagnose skin conditions like pemphigus vulgaris, not systemic lupus erythematosus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, providing protection and waterproofing. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. The hypodermis is not a main layer of the skin but rather a subcutaneous layer of fat beneath the dermis. Dermis and hypodermis do not make up the two main layers of the skin. Therefore, option A is correct as it accurately identifies the two main layers of the skin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because wearing sunscreen protects the skin from harmful UV rays, avoiding smoking prevents premature aging and skin damage, and eating a healthy diet provides essential nutrients for skin health. Each choice plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy skin by addressing different aspects such as protection, prevention, and nourishment. Therefore, incorporating all three practices together ensures comprehensive care for the skin. Choices A, B, and C individually contribute to skin health, but only choosing all of the above covers all necessary measures for optimal skin care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because an elevated CEA level after completing chemotherapy for colorectal cancer indicates the possibility of residual or recurrent tumor. CEA is a tumor marker that can indicate the presence of cancer cells in the body. Elevated levels post-chemotherapy could suggest that not all cancer cells were eliminated, leading to the potential for a recurrence. Choice A is incorrect because an elevated CEA level does not definitively mean the patient is cured. Choice C is incorrect as chemotherapy typically targets cancer cells and not the liver itself. Choice D is incorrect since an elevated CEA level does not indicate the need for isolation but rather further investigation for potential tumor recurrence.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dietary restrictions. Warfarin interacts with vitamin K, so consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods is crucial for maintaining the drug's effectiveness. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as driving restrictions, follow-up laboratory monitoring, and possible drug interactions are important but not specific discharge instructions for warfarin therapy. Warfarin therapy requires strict dietary management to prevent complications like clotting or bleeding.