Which test uses sound waves to create images of the heart, allowing doctors to assess its structure and function?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Echocardiogram. An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create images of the heart, providing detailed information about its structure and function in real time. It is a non-invasive and safe imaging technique commonly used to diagnose heart conditions. MRI (B) uses magnetic fields, CT scan (C) uses X-rays, and X-ray (D) uses electromagnetic radiation, but these techniques do not specifically use sound waves to image the heart.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transient ischemic attack (TIA). A TIA is a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain, causing stroke-like symptoms that usually resolve within 24 hours. It is often referred to as a 'mini-stroke' because the symptoms are similar to a stroke but last for a shorter duration. Explanation: 1. TIA specifically describes a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain, aligning with the scenario described in the question. 2. Stroke (Choice B) refers to a more severe and lasting interruption of blood flow to the brain, not a temporary one as seen in a TIA. 3. Myocardial infarction (Choice C) refers to a heart attack, which involves blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, not the brain. 4. Pulmonary embolism (Choice D) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs, not related to blood flow interruption to the brain. In summary,

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). This surgical procedure involves grafting a blood vessel to bypass a blocked coronary artery, improving blood flow to the heart muscle. It is used to treat severe coronary artery disease. Valve replacement (B) is a surgery to replace heart valves, not to bypass blocked arteries. Angioplasty (C) involves inserting a balloon to widen a narrowed artery, not bypassing it. Endarterectomy (D) is a procedure to remove plaque from an artery, not bypassing a blocked coronary artery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anorexia can be a side effect of digoxin. Digoxin is known to cause anorexia due to its impact on the gastrointestinal system. It can lead to nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite, resulting in anorexia. Tachycardia (choice B) is not a common side effect of digoxin, as it is actually used to treat certain types of arrhythmias. Constipation (choice C) and urinary retention (choice D) are also not typically associated with digoxin use. In summary, anorexia is a known side effect of digoxin, while tachycardia, constipation, and urinary retention are not commonly linked to this medication.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Dobutamine is a beta-1 adrenergic agonist, which increases heart rate. 2. Tachycardia is a common adverse effect due to increased heart rate. 3. Bradycardia is the opposite effect and not expected with dobutamine. 4. Heart failure is a condition that dobutamine is used to treat, not cause. 5. Respiratory distress is not a typical adverse effect of dobutamine. Summary: Choice C (Tachycardia) is correct because dobutamine increases heart rate. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because dobutamine does not cause heart failure, bradycardia, or respiratory distress.