ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions And Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which term refers to the relaxation phase of the heart, during which the chambers fill with blood?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diastole. Diastole refers to the relaxation phase of the heart, allowing the chambers to fill with blood. During diastole, the ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into them from the atria. Systole, choice B, is the contraction phase where the heart pumps blood out. Refractoriness, choice C, refers to the period when the heart cannot respond to a new stimulus. Automaticity, choice D, is the ability of the heart to generate its own electrical impulses. So, diastole is the correct term for the relaxation phase of the heart where chambers fill with blood, making it the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
What is the narrowing of the arteries due to the buildup of plaque, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coronary artery disease. This condition involves the narrowing of arteries supplying blood to the heart due to plaque buildup. Plaque can lead to blockages, causing heart attacks and strokes. Peripheral artery disease (B) affects arteries outside the heart. Aortic stenosis (C) is the narrowing of the aortic valve, not arteries. Mitral valve prolapse (D) is a condition affecting the mitral valve, not arteries. Therefore, A is the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
Which test measures how much and how quickly you can move air out of your lungs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spirometry is the correct answer because it measures the volume of air exhaled in a specific time frame, assessing lung function and capacity. It is commonly used to diagnose conditions like asthma and COPD. Peak flow meter measures only the maximum speed of exhalation, not volume. Lung volume test measures the total lung capacity, not the speed of air movement. Arterial blood gas measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, not lung function.
Question 4 of 5
Which condition is characterized by a chronic cough that produces mucus, often caused by long-term exposure to irritants?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by a chronic cough that produces mucus due to long-term exposure to irritants, such as cigarette smoke or air pollution. This condition leads to inflammation and narrowing of the airways, resulting in excessive mucus production. Tuberculosis (B) is a bacterial infection causing symptoms like coughing up blood, while asthma (C) is characterized by wheezing and shortness of breath. Sinusitis (D) involves inflammation of the sinuses, leading to symptoms like facial pain and congestion.
Question 5 of 5
What condition is characterized by the inflammation of the pleura, causing sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pleurisy. Pleurisy is characterized by inflammation of the pleura, the lining surrounding the lungs, causing sharp chest pain exacerbated by breathing. Pericarditis (B) is inflammation of the pericardium, the lining around the heart, not the pleura. Endocarditis (C) is inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, not the pleura. Myocarditis (D) is inflammation of the heart muscle, not the pleura. Therefore, based on the symptoms described in the question, Pleurisy is the most appropriate diagnosis.