ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which term describes the active transport process that moves sodium and potassium into or out of cells?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sodium pump. The sodium-potassium pump is a vital active transport mechanism in cells that moves sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients. It uses ATP to pump 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell. This process helps maintain the cell's resting membrane potential and is crucial for nerve impulse transmission. Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect: A: Filtration - Filtration is a passive process based on pressure differentials, not active transport involving specific pumps for sodium and potassium ions. C: Diffusion - Diffusion is a passive process where molecules move from an area of high concentration to low concentration, not involving the active transport of sodium and potassium against their gradients. D: Osmosis - Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane, not the active transport of sodium and potassium ions by specific pumps like the sodium-potassium pump.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with metabolic acidosis. Which assessment finding reveals that the compensatory mechanism to correct this imbalance is in effect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Kussmaul respirations. In metabolic acidosis, the body compensates by increasing the respiratory rate to exhale excess CO2 and decrease acidity in the blood. Kussmaul respirations are deep, rapid breaths that help restore the acid-base balance. Increased urinary output (A) is not a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis. Reduced abdominal distention (B) is unrelated to acid-base imbalances. Decreased blood pressure (D) is not a typical compensatory response to metabolic acidosis.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 48 h. Which action demonstrates effective nursing care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct: 1. Checking the patient's blood glucose level is crucial as TPN can significantly affect glucose levels. 2. Regular monitoring helps prevent complications like hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. 3. Following facility protocol ensures consistency and accuracy in patient care. 4. Timely intervention based on blood glucose levels can prevent adverse effects. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Increasing infusion rate without proper assessment can lead to metabolic complications. C: TPN administration method depends on patient condition, not a fixed duration. D: Monitoring peripheral IV site is irrelevant for TPN, which requires a central line.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has sustained blunt trauma to the left flank area, and is evaluating the patient's urinalysis results. The nurse should become concerned when
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Presence of red blood cells and albumin in the urine indicates possible kidney damage due to the blunt trauma. This is concerning as it may suggest renal impairment or injury. Choices A, B, and C are normal findings and do not necessarily indicate kidney damage. A: Similar creatinine levels in urine and blood are expected as creatinine is filtered by the kidneys. B: Sodium and chloride in urine are normal components and their presence is expected. C: Uric acid levels in urine mirroring serum levels is a normal finding.
Question 5 of 5
The term used to describe an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: azotemia. Azotemia refers to an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels, indicating a buildup of nitrogenous waste products in the blood. Oliguria (A) is a decrease in urine output, not specifically related to BUN and creatinine levels. Acute kidney injury (C) is a broader term that includes various causes of kidney dysfunction, not specific to elevated BUN and creatinine levels. Prerenal disease (D) typically refers to conditions affecting blood flow to the kidneys, leading to decreased kidney function, but it does not specifically indicate elevated BUN and creatinine levels.