Which technique will best communicate to a patient that the nurse is interested in listening?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of behavioral nursing, the most effective technique to communicate to a patient that the nurse is interested in listening is option A) Restating a feeling or thought the patient has expressed. This technique, known as reflective listening, demonstrates active listening and empathy towards the patient. By paraphrasing the patient's words, the nurse shows understanding and encourages further communication. Option B) Asking a direct question may come across as intrusive and may not convey genuine interest in the patient's feelings. It can also lead to a closed-ended response, limiting the patient's opportunity to express themselves fully. Option C) Making a judgment about the patient's problem can be perceived as dismissive or critical, hindering open communication and trust between the nurse and the patient. Option D) Saying, 'I understand what you're saying,' without further elaboration or reflection, may give the impression of a superficial understanding and lack of genuine engagement with the patient's concerns. In behavioral nursing, effective communication is paramount for building therapeutic relationships and promoting patient well-being. Using reflective listening techniques like restating feelings or thoughts encourages patients to share openly, feel heard, and facilitates a collaborative approach to care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A manic patient’s high energy and distractibility often lead to neglecting basic needs like eating. Option B informs the patient of a consequence (nasogastric tube) if refusal persists, balancing autonomy with care escalation. Option A is exaggerated and threatening, Option C is grammatically unclear and coercive, and Option D dismisses the nurse’s responsibility to ensure nutrition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of behavioral nursing, understanding the predominant evolutionary theory of phobias is crucial for providing effective care and interventions for individuals experiencing phobic responses. The correct answer is C) Biological preparedness. Biological preparedness theory posits that humans are evolutionarily predisposed to develop fears of certain stimuli (such as snakes, spiders, heights) that were potentially threats to our ancestors. This theory suggests that certain phobias have survival value and are more easily acquired compared to phobias of neutral stimuli. This is due to the genetic predisposition to quickly learn and retain fear responses to potentially dangerous stimuli. Option A) Non-associative fear acquisition does not address the evolutionary aspect of phobias and how they may be inherently linked to survival mechanisms. Option B) Learned fear responses is a general term that does not specifically highlight the evolutionary component of phobias as biological preparedness does. Option D) Specific phobia acquisition is too broad and does not delve into the evolutionary underpinnings of phobias. Educationally, understanding the evolutionary basis of phobias can help nurses and healthcare professionals tailor treatment plans that respect and work with the innate biological mechanisms underlying phobic responses. By recognizing the role of biological preparedness, healthcare providers can approach phobia treatment in a more holistic and effective manner, taking into account both the psychological and evolutionary factors at play in a patient's condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In Clark's theory of Catastrophic Misinterpretation of Bodily Sensations, the correct answer is B) Have a cognitive bias towards accepting the more threatening interpretation of their sensations. This theory suggests that individuals tend to interpret normal bodily sensations as catastrophic or life-threatening, leading to heightened anxiety and distress. This cognitive bias can be a contributing factor in the development or exacerbation of anxiety and panic disorders. Option A) Are more likely to develop heart disease is incorrect because the theory focuses on cognitive biases related to interpreting bodily sensations, not a direct correlation with heart disease. Option C) Are less able to determine when they are sickening for something is incorrect as it does not align with the theory's emphasis on catastrophic misinterpretation rather than a lack of awareness of illness. Option D) Less likely to seek treatment from medical professionals is incorrect as the theory does not specifically address help-seeking behaviors but rather focuses on the cognitive processes involved in interpreting bodily sensations. From an educational perspective, understanding Clark's theory is crucial for healthcare providers, especially nurses working in behavioral health settings. Recognizing how individuals interpret and respond to bodily sensations can inform assessment, intervention, and support strategies for patients experiencing anxiety or panic symptoms. By addressing cognitive biases and promoting accurate interpretations of sensations, healthcare professionals can help individuals manage their anxiety more effectively and improve their overall well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of Behavioral Nursing and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), understanding the symptoms is crucial for assessment and intervention. The correct answer to the question is D) All of the above. A) Increased arousal is a symptom of PTSD characterized by heightened sensitivity, irritability, and hypervigilance. This is a common manifestation in individuals with PTSD due to the persistent feeling of threat and danger. B) Avoidance and numbing of emotions is another symptom where individuals try to avoid triggers that remind them of the traumatic event and may experience emotional numbing as a coping mechanism. This can impact their ability to engage in daily activities and maintain relationships. C) Re-experiencing refers to symptoms like flashbacks, nightmares, and intrusive memories related to the traumatic event. This symptom can be distressing and lead to significant impairment in daily functioning. Choosing "All of the above" as the correct answer emphasizes the comprehensive nature of PTSD symptoms, highlighting that individuals may experience a combination of increased arousal, avoidance, numbing of emotions, and re-experiencing. Educating healthcare professionals about these symptoms is vital for early identification, appropriate treatment planning, and providing effective support to individuals experiencing PTSD. Understanding these symptoms can also aid in developing empathy and promoting a therapeutic relationship with patients.