Which technique should the nurse recommend to the postpartum patient in order to prevent nipple trauma?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: If the infant's mouth does not cover as much of the areola as possible, the pressure during sucking will be applied to the nipple, causing trauma to the area. Assessing the nipples for trauma is important; however, it will not prevent sore nipples. Stimulating the breast for less than 5 minutes will not produce the extra milk the infant may need. Soap can be drying to the nipples and should be avoided during breastfeeding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Macrosomic infants are at risk for birth injuries, such as clavicle fractures, cephalohematomas, and brachial palsy. Evaluating for hyperglycemia and hyperthermia is important as well, but the priority assessment for a macrosomic infant would be to check for birth injuries, specifically clavicle fractures. An increase in red blood cells would not be the priority assessment in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nonphysiologic jaundice appears within the first 24 hours of life, while physiologic jaundice occurs after the initial 24 hours. Nonphysiologic jaundice may lead to kernicterus, progresses from head to body, and both types result from erythrocyte breakdown. Treatment needs to be timely to prevent kernicterus.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the definition of recurrent pneumonia is crucial for accurate assessment and management of children with respiratory issues. The correct answer is C) 3 or more episodes in a single year, with radiographic clearing between occurrences. This definition is accurate as it signifies the persistence and frequency of pneumonia episodes, while also emphasizing the importance of radiographic evidence of clearing to distinguish between recurrent infections. Option A is incorrect because it only requires 2 episodes and does not specify the need for radiographic clearing, which is essential to confirm resolution and prevent misdiagnosis. Option B is incorrect as it also lacks the requirement for radiographic clearing, leading to potential misinterpretation of unresolved infections as recurrent pneumonia. Educationally, understanding the definition of recurrent pneumonia helps nurses in identifying high-risk children who may require further investigations, treatment adjustments, or preventive measures. It emphasizes the importance of thorough assessment, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate management to ensure optimal respiratory health in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) B. cepacia. The presence of B. cepacia in the lower airways strongly suggests a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. B. cepacia is a pathogen commonly found in the respiratory tract of individuals with cystic fibrosis due to their impaired mucociliary clearance, making them more susceptible to colonization by opportunistic pathogens like B. cepacia. Option B) gram-negative rods is a non-specific finding as many pathogens fall under this category and do not specifically point towards cystic fibrosis. Option C) nontuberculous mycobacterial species and Option D) Mycoplasma are not typically associated with cystic fibrosis. Educationally, understanding the specific pathogens associated with cystic fibrosis is crucial for pediatric nurses as early detection and management of the disease can significantly improve patient outcomes. Being able to recognize key pathogens like B. cepacia can lead to prompt interventions and better quality of care for pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis.