Which student statement indicates further instruction is needed regarding developmental characteristics of clients diagnosed with moderate ID?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because clients with moderate intellectual disabilities typically struggle with academic tasks, making it unlikely for them to successfully complete elementary school without significant support. This indicates a need for further instruction on understanding the developmental characteristics of clients with moderate ID. A: This choice is incorrect because clients with moderate ID can often work in a sheltered workshop setting with appropriate accommodations and support. B: This choice is incorrect because clients with moderate ID can usually perform some personal care activities independently or with assistance. C: This choice is incorrect because clients with moderate ID may indeed have difficulty relating to peers due to social and communication challenges associated with their disability.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Impaired social interaction; short-term goal. This outcome criterion addresses impaired social interaction because it focuses on the client's ability to interact with others in the presence of a trusted caregiver. This goal is specific to the social aspect of communication and interaction. Choice A is incorrect because impaired verbal communication does not directly address the client's ability to interact socially. Choice B is also incorrect as it focuses on the long-term goal for verbal communication, not social interaction. Choice D is incorrect as it addresses impaired social interaction as a long-term goal, whereas the criterion in the question pertains to a short-term goal.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In caring for a client with schizophrenia, the least desirable outcome among the options provided is A) The client spends more time by himself. This outcome is unfavorable because social withdrawal and isolation can exacerbate the symptoms of schizophrenia, leading to increased feelings of loneliness, depression, and potentially worsening the client's condition. Option B) The client doesn't engage in delusional thinking is a positive outcome as it indicates a reduction in distorted thinking patterns that are characteristic of schizophrenia. Option C) The client doesn't harm himself or others is also a crucial outcome as it ensures the safety and well-being of the client and those around them. Option D) The client demonstrates the ability to meet his own self-care needs is a positive outcome indicating independence and functioning. In an educational context, understanding the implications of social withdrawal in clients with schizophrenia is essential for nurses and healthcare providers. Encouraging social interaction and providing support to prevent isolation can significantly impact the client's overall well-being and treatment outcomes. It is important to prioritize interventions that promote social engagement and community integration for individuals with schizophrenia to enhance their quality of life and recovery.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Somatoform Pain Disorder. This disorder is characterized by the presence of pain symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a general medical condition, other mental health disorder, or direct effects of a substance. In this case, the client's low back pain is not attributed to any specific medical cause despite negative test results, aligning with the criteria for Somatoform Pain Disorder. Option A) Somatization Disorder involves a history of multiple physical complaints across various organ systems, which is not the case in this scenario as the focus is on the specific complaint of low back pain. Option B) Hypochondriasis entails excessive fear of having a serious illness based on misinterpretation of bodily symptoms, rather than the primary symptom being pain as in the case of the client. Option C) Conversion Disorder presents with neurological symptoms like paralysis or tremors that are inconsistent with known medical conditions, which differs from the somatic pain complaint described. Educationally, understanding somatoform disorders is crucial for healthcare providers to accurately diagnose and treat patients experiencing physical symptoms with no clear medical basis. Identifying the correct disorder ensures appropriate interventions and prevents unnecessary medical procedures. It also emphasizes the importance of considering psychological factors in the manifestation of physical symptoms, highlighting the intricate mind-body connection.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). The DSM-V is the primary diagnostic manual used by mental health professionals to classify and diagnose psychiatric disorders. It provides detailed criteria for each disorder, including symptom presentation, duration, and exclusion criteria. By consulting the DSM-V, the nurse can accurately identify and understand the specific criteria used to establish the diagnosis of the unfamiliar psychiatric disorder. Option A, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), is a classification system for diseases and related health conditions used for billing and statistical purposes. While it may include some psychiatric diagnoses, it does not provide the detailed criteria necessary for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning in mental health. Option B, the ANA's Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice, outlines the scope of practice and standards for psychiatric-mental health nursing. While it is a valuable resource for guiding nursing practice, it does not contain the specific diagnostic criteria needed to establish a psychiatric diagnosis. In an educational context, understanding the importance of using the appropriate diagnostic resources is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in psychiatric settings where accurate diagnosis is foundational to effective treatment planning and patient care. Familiarity with the DSM-V is essential for nurses working in mental health to ensure accurate assessment and intervention for patients with psychiatric disorders.