ATI RN
Questions About Muscular System with Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which structure helps absorb shock in the spine?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intervertebral discs, fibrocartilage pads between vertebrae, absorb shock, cushioning spinal movement. Foramen houses the cord, spinous and transverse processes anchor muscles not shock absorbers. Discs' role, per spine function, makes 'a' correct.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following imaging techniques would be best to use to study the uptake of nutrients by rapidly multiplying cancer cells?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PET (Positron Emission Tomography) tracks metabolic activity, like nutrient uptake in cancer cells, using radioactive tracers (e.g., glucose), ideal for rapid proliferation studies. CT shows structure, MRI details tissues, ultrasonography uses sound none measure metabolism directly. PET's functional focus, per imaging, makes 'c' best.
Question 3 of 5
Lactic acid is produced
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lactic acid accumulates in fatigued skeletal muscles when oxygen supply lags demand, shifting metabolism to anaerobic glycolysis. Normally, pyruvate from glucose enters mitochondria for aerobic respiration, yielding ATP efficiently. During intense exercise, oxygen depletion forces pyruvate conversion to lactate via lactate dehydrogenase, releasing NAD+ to sustain glycolysis and ATP production, though less efficiently. This occurs in skeletal muscle, not exclusively cardiac, which relies more on aerobic pathways. Rested muscles with oxygen use aerobic metabolism, avoiding lactate buildup. Fatigued muscles with oxygen continue aerobic respiration, not glycolysis. Rested muscles lacking oxygen are hypothetical, as rest implies oxygen availability. Exercise physiology confirms lactate rises in anaerobic conditions blood levels can jump from 1 to 20 mmol/L in fatigue causing acidity and signaling exhaustion. This adaptive mechanism delays fatigue, distinguishing it from aerobic states or unrelated muscle types, a key insight into metabolic flexibility.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is aware that positioning and range-of-motion (ROM) exercises most help the immobilized patient to prevent:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For an immobilized patient, maintaining joint and muscle function is a priority, and contractures permanent shortening of muscles or tendons due to prolonged immobility are a significant risk. Positioning and ROM exercises keep joints flexible and muscles stretched, counteracting the tendency for tissues to stiffen and shorten when unused. Increased pain might occur with immobility, but ROM exercises primarily address stiffness rather than pain itself. Pressure ulcers result from prolonged pressure on skin, prevented more by repositioning than ROM alone. Compromised circulation can occur with immobility, but it's more directly managed by elevation or compression, not ROM exercises. Contractures are the most relevant outcome these interventions target, as they can lead to permanent disability if not addressed early, making this the primary focus of such care in immobilization scenarios.
Question 5 of 5
The anatomical structure that joins the bones of a joint together is referred to as:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Joints are stabilized by structures connecting bones directly. Ligaments are tough, fibrous tissues linking bone to bone, providing stability and limiting excessive movement, like the ACL in the knee. Tendons connect muscle to bone, facilitating movement, not joint union. Muscles generate force but don't join bones structurally. Cartilage cushions joints but doesn't bind bones together. Ligaments are the anatomical answer, as their primary role is maintaining joint integrity, distinguishing them from the other options focused on movement or padding rather than connection.