Which statements about the ovarian follicles are true:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because ovarian follicles are actually present in the ovary since birth. They are formed during fetal development and remain in a dormant state until puberty. Choice A is incorrect because follicles are located in the medullary area of the ovary, not the cortical area. Choice C is incorrect because follicles are formed before puberty. Choice D is incorrect because follicles do not go through stages of evolution but rather stages of development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: consists in the fusion between the male and female gametes. Fecundation, also known as fertilization, is the process where a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell to form a zygote. This is a crucial step in sexual reproduction. The male gamete (sperm) and the female gamete (egg) come together to combine their genetic material, resulting in the formation of a new individual. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Monospermic means involving only one sperm, which is not accurate as multiple sperm may reach the egg but only one will fertilize it. C) Grafting of the egg at the Fallopian tube is not how fertilization occurs; fertilization typically takes place in the fallopian tube but does not involve grafting. D) Fecundation does not require the existence of several fecundated spermatozoa; only one sperm is needed for fertilization to occur.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: chromosome number. Human egg cells and sperm cells both have 23 chromosomes, which is half the total number of chromosomes in a human cell (46). This is crucial for maintaining the correct chromosome number in offspring. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because: A: Human egg cells are not motile, while sperm cells are highly motile. B: Egg cells contain a larger amount of stored food (cytoplasmic material) compared to sperm cells. D: Egg cells are larger and rounder in shape, while sperm cells are smaller and more streamlined.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, option A, "Breast cancer often follows an injury to the breast," should be identified as a myth. This is the correct answer because there is no scientific evidence to support the claim that breast cancer is directly caused by an injury to the breast. Option B, "The incidence of breast cancer increases with age," is a well-known fact supported by research. As individuals age, their risk of developing breast cancer increases. Option C, "Women whose mothers or sisters have had breast cancer are twice as likely to develop it," is a valid risk factor for breast cancer. Family history is a significant factor in assessing one's risk for developing the disease. Option D, "A diet high in animal fat has been linked with an increased incidence of breast cancer," is also supported by research. Dietary habits, including consuming a high-fat diet, can impact the risk of developing breast cancer. In an educational context, it is crucial to debunk myths surrounding breast cancer to ensure patients have accurate information to make informed decisions about their health. Understanding the true risk factors associated with breast cancer can empower individuals to take proactive steps in prevention and early detection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate action in this scenario is to recommend psychiatric consultation before discharge (Option B). Mrs. Flower's sudden change in behavior, such as stopping eating, difficulty swallowing, and refusal to talk, could indicate psychological distress or a mental health issue post-surgery. A psychiatric consultation can help assess her mental well-being, provide appropriate support, and ensure she receives necessary care for any underlying psychological concerns. Avoiding mention of diet and asking her husband to bring in favored foods (Option A) may overlook the potential psychological or psychiatric aspects of Mrs. Flower's behavior. Monitoring intake and output as a nursing measure (Option C) is important but does not address the underlying psychological issues that may be contributing to her symptoms. Arranging for the dietician to talk with her (Option D) focuses solely on the physical aspect of her symptoms and does not address the need for a comprehensive mental health evaluation. In an educational context, healthcare professionals need to be attuned to both the physical and psychological aspects of patient care, especially in postoperative settings. Recognizing and addressing mental health concerns in patients undergoing significant medical procedures is crucial for providing holistic care and ensuring optimal recovery outcomes. This case underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and the integration of mental health considerations into overall patient care plans.