Which statement to a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is correct?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: In type 2 diabetes, the body either becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin. Step 2: Diet and exercise can help improve insulin sensitivity and control blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes. Step 3: Medications may also be prescribed if diet and exercise alone are not effective. Step 4: Insulin therapy may be necessary in some cases but is not the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes. Step 5: Complications of type 2 diabetes can be serious and include cardiovascular issues, neuropathy, and kidney disease. Step 6: Type 2 diabetes is typically diagnosed through blood tests, not by admission with a hyperglycemic coma. Summary: Choice A is incorrect because complications can be severe in type 2 diabetes. Choice B is incorrect as insulin may be used in some cases. Choice D is incorrect as type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed through blood tests. Choice C is correct as diet and exercise play a

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Check the blood glucose during the night. The Somogyi effect is rebound hyperglycemia that occurs in response to hypoglycemia during the night. By checking blood glucose levels during the night, the patient can identify if they are experiencing nighttime hypoglycemia leading to rebound hyperglycemia in the morning. This will help determine the need for adjusting insulin doses or carbohydrate intake. Why the other choices are incorrect: A: Avoid snacking at bedtime - does not address the underlying issue of nighttime hypoglycemia. B: Increase the rapid-acting insulin dose - could potentially worsen the Somogyi effect by causing further hypoglycemia. D: Administer a larger dose of long-acting insulin - also does not address the issue of nighttime hypoglycemia and may lead to further fluctuations in blood glucose levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the priority in treating diabetic ketoacidosis is fluid resuscitation to address dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Infusing 1 liter of normal saline per hour helps to restore intravascular volume and corrects electrolyte abnormalities. Choice B (sodium bicarbonate) is not recommended routinely in DKA treatment as it may worsen metabolic acidosis. Choice C (IV push insulin) can lead to hypoglycemia and should not be the initial intervention. Choice D (insulin infusion) is important but should be started after fluid resuscitation to avoid rapid drops in blood glucose levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome showing signs of poor skin turgor and dry oral mucosa is at risk for severe dehydration and potential complications. Assessing this patient first is crucial to address their immediate needs. Choice A is incorrect as the 19-year-old with possible dawn phenomenon can be assessed after the patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome who is at higher risk. Choice B is incorrect as a blood glucose reading of 230 mg/dL in a 35-year-old with type 1 diabetes is high but not indicative of an immediate life-threatening situation compared to severe dehydration. Choice D is incorrect as the 68-year-old with peripheral neuropathy and foot pain, while in discomfort, does not present an immediate threat to their life like severe dehydration does in a patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it prioritizes client autonomy and respects their wishes. By engaging the client and asking why they want to discuss advance directives without their partner present, the nurse acknowledges the client's right to make decisions about their own healthcare. This approach promotes open communication and allows the client to express their concerns and preferences freely. Choice B is incorrect as it assumes the client only needs information and brochures without addressing their specific needs or concerns. Choice C is incorrect as it delays addressing the client's immediate questions and concerns about advance directives. Choice D is incorrect as it disregards the client's request to discuss advance directives and focuses solely on their current feelings.