Which statement regarding congenital anomalies of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is correct?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) Cardiac disease may demonstrate signs and symptoms of respiratory illness. This statement is correct because congenital anomalies of the cardiovascular system can often present with symptoms that mimic respiratory issues. Due to the close anatomical and functional relationship between the heart and lungs, cardiac abnormalities can lead to respiratory distress or symptoms, making it crucial to consider cardiac conditions in infants presenting with respiratory symptoms. Option B is incorrect because screening for congenital anomalies of the respiratory system should be comprehensive and not limited to only those infants experiencing respiratory distress. Early detection through routine screening is essential to identify and manage these anomalies effectively. Option C is incorrect because choanal atresia, a nasal cavity obstruction, typically requires a surgical intervention such as a choanoplasty, rather than simple removal using a suction catheter. Option D is incorrect as congenital diaphragmatic hernias are often diagnosed prenatally through imaging studies and require urgent management immediately after birth to prevent serious respiratory and cardiovascular complications. In an educational context, understanding the interconnectedness of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in infants is crucial for healthcare professionals involved in the care of neonates. Recognizing the potential overlap of symptoms and the need for comprehensive screening and timely interventions are essential to improve outcomes for infants with congenital anomalies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is an inflammatory condition that can develop as a complication of untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal pharyngitis caused by Group A Streptococcus bacteria. The correct answer is A) Streptococcal pharyngitis because this infection can lead to an autoimmune response where antibodies attack not only the bacteria but also healthy tissues, including heart valves, causing RHD. Option B) Primary syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, a different bacterium that does not typically lead to RHD. Option C) Pneumococcal pneumonia is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a different bacterium that does not have a direct link to RHD. Option D) Chlamydial vaginitis is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, a bacterium that is not associated with the development of RHD. Educationally, understanding the link between streptococcal infections and rheumatic heart disease is crucial for healthcare providers, especially in regions where access to healthcare and antibiotics may be limited. Early detection and appropriate treatment of streptococcal infections can prevent the development of RHD, highlighting the importance of timely and effective management of infections to prevent long-term complications like RHD.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In caring for a pregnant woman with antiphospholipid syndrome, it is crucial for the clinic nurse to especially observe for the development of elevated blood pressure. Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that can lead to complications during pregnancy, including preeclampsia, a condition characterized by high blood pressure. Monitoring blood pressure is essential to detect any signs of preeclampsia early and prevent serious complications for both the mother and the baby. Urinary tract infections (option A) are not typically directly associated with antiphospholipid syndrome. Nausea and vomiting (option B) are common symptoms in pregnancy but are not specifically linked to this syndrome. Reduced blood glucose level (option D) is more commonly seen in conditions like gestational diabetes, which is not a typical manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome. In an educational context, understanding the specific complications and monitoring requirements for pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndrome is crucial for nurses providing antenatal care. By recognizing the significance of elevated blood pressure in this population, nurses can play a key role in early detection and management of potential complications, ultimately improving maternal and fetal outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Thoroughly wash your hands before handling the infant. Rationale: Women with active genital herpes who have given birth by cesarean need to take precautions to prevent transmission of the virus to their newborns. Washing hands thoroughly before handling the infant is crucial as it reduces the risk of transmitting the virus through contact. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can be transmitted through direct contact with active lesions or infected secretions, so hand hygiene is essential to prevent transmission. Option A) Do not breastfeed the infant until all lesions are healed is incorrect because breastfeeding can still be safe as long as proper hygiene measures are taken to prevent direct contact between the lesions and the infant. Option C) Wear a mask when breastfeeding or holding the infant close is unnecessary as long as proper hand hygiene is practiced. The virus is not airborne, so wearing a mask does not provide additional protection. Option D) No special precautions are needed when caring for the infant is incorrect as special precautions, such as handwashing, are indeed necessary to prevent transmission of the virus to the newborn. Educational Context: This question highlights the importance of understanding how to care for infants when the mother has a contagious condition like active genital herpes. It emphasizes the significance of practicing proper hygiene measures to prevent the transmission of the virus to the newborn. Educating healthcare providers and new mothers about these precautions is vital in ensuring the health and safety of the infant.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) Hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus occurs due to obstruction within the ventricles of the brain or inadequate reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid, leading to an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain. This condition can result in increased pressure inside the skull, potentially causing damage to the brain tissue. Option A) Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, usually caused by an infection. It is not directly related to obstruction or inadequate reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid. Option B) Meningocele is a type of spina bifida where the protective covering of the spinal cord protrudes through an opening in the spine. This condition is not related to the ventricles of the brain or cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption. Option C) Spina bifida occulta is a mild and often asymptomatic form of spina bifida where the spinal cord and surrounding structures are usually unaffected. It does not involve obstruction within the brain ventricles or cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. Understanding maternal diseases like hydrocephalus is crucial for healthcare professionals as they work with pregnant individuals and newborns. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus can lead to early intervention and better outcomes for affected individuals.