Which statement regarding chlamydia infection is correct?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct statement regarding chlamydia infection is that the clinical manifestations include dysuria and urethral itching in males. Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. In males, common symptoms include a burning sensation during urination (dysuria) and urethral itching. It is important to note that chlamydia is often asymptomatic, especially in women, which is why regular screening is important to detect and treat the infection early. Option A is incorrect because the treatment of choice for chlamydia is typically antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline, not oral penicillin. Option B is incorrect because nystatin or miconazole are used to treat fungal infections, not chlamydia. Option D is incorrect because small, painful vesicles on genital areas are more indicative of herpes simplex virus infection rather than chlamydia

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome, the nurse closely monitors the temperature to detect an early sign of infection. Children with nephrotic syndrome are more susceptible to infections due to loss of immunoglobulins in the urine, decreased serum complement levels, and altered immune function. Monitoring the temperature is important to identify any signs of infection early, as prompt treatment is crucial in preventing complications such as sepsis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Renal transplantation is considered the preferred means of renal replacement therapy in children with end-stage renal disease. This is because transplantation offers the best long-term outcomes and quality of life for children compared to other forms of renal replacement therapy such as dialysis. Children who undergo successful renal transplantation tend to have improved growth, development, and overall health compared to those who remain on dialysis. Transplantation can provide children with the opportunity to live a relatively normal and healthy life, making it the preferred treatment option in pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Peripheral edema is a common clinical manifestation of systemic venous congestion that can occur with heart failure. In heart failure, the heart is unable to pump effectively, leading to a backup of blood in the veins. This increased pressure in the veins causes fluid to leak out into the surrounding tissues, resulting in swelling or edema, most commonly in the lower extremities. Tachypnea (rapid breathing) and tachycardia (fast heart rate) are more associated with the compensatory mechanisms of the body to try to maintain cardiac output and oxygenation. Pale, cool extremities are more indicative of poor peripheral perfusion, which can occur with severe heart failure but are not the typical manifestations of systemic venous congestion.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop after a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat. One of the most serious complications of rheumatic fever is cardiac involvement, specifically damage to the heart valves. This occurs due to the body's immune response attacking the heart valves as a result of molecular mimicry between streptococcal antigens and human tissues. The damage to the heart valves can result in conditions like mitral valve stenosis or regurgitation, which can lead to heart failure if not managed appropriately. Therefore, cardiac valve damage is a common and serious complication of rheumatic fever that requires monitoring and treatment to prevent long-term consequences.