Which statement regarding bladder injury is incorrect?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bladder ruptures are usually extraperitoneal (~60-85%) pelvic fracture association, not intraperitoneal (~15-25%), incorrect. Pelvic fracture link true, common cause. Symptoms (anuria, hematuria, meatal blood) accurate. Retrograde cystogram gold standard, correct. Extraperitoneal predominance distinguishes the error, key to bladder trauma patterns, unlike association, signs, or imaging truths.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Renal colic can present without hematuria ~10% lack it (e.g., early/no abrasion), correct. Males predominate (2:1) not females. ~90% are radio-opaque calcium dominant. Recurrence is ~50% by 5 years higher risk. Hematuria's absence distinguishes it, key to variable presentation, unlike gender, imaging, or recurrence errors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hyperkalemia is the most likely cause in dialysis arrest missed sessions spike potassium (e.g., >6.5 mmol/L), triggering arrhythmias. Pericardial effusion (uremic) is slower less acute. Hypocalcemia and hypertension occur less fatal acutely. Potassium's lethality distinguishes it, key to dialysis emergencies, unlike effusion or chronic issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Infection is the most frequent CAPD complication peritonitis (e.g., Staph epidermidis) tops issues, true. Gram-negatives are less common Staph leads. Admission isn't required intraperitoneal antibiotics suffice. Cell count is >100 leukocytes 250 overstates. Frequency distinguishes it, key to CAPD morbidity, unlike organism, treatment, or count errors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Renal threshold is ~180 mg/dL (mg%), where glucose spills into urine not mg/min (rate), saturation alone, or 370 mg%. This defines glycosuria onset, critical for glucose homeostasis, contrasting with rate or saturation definitions.