Which statement made by a parent of a child with nephrotic syndrome indicates an understanding of discharge teaching?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In nephrotic syndrome, monitoring urine for protein is essential as it helps track the child's condition. Checking urine for protein should be done as part of the discharge teaching to keep a record of the child's urinary proteins and to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment plan. It is crucial for parents to understand this aspect of care to ensure proper management of the child's condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing intervention for a 7-year-old child with acute glomerulonephritis experiencing gross hematuria and bed rest is to provide activities for the child on restricted activity. Although the child may feel well, it is essential to limit activity until hematuria resolves to prevent complications and promote recovery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, option A, "The posterior fontanel is open," would require further action by the nurse for a 4-month-old infant. The posterior fontanel typically closes by 2 months of age, so its persistence being open at 4 months could indicate a potential issue with normal growth and development or increased intracranial pressure, necessitating further assessment and intervention. Option B, "The infant has good head control when held upright," is a normal developmental milestone for a 4-month-old infant, indicating appropriate muscle strength and coordination. Option C, "The infant is able to roll only from abdomen to back," is also a normal developmental milestone at this age, as infants typically develop the ability to roll from abdomen to back before mastering back to abdomen rolling. Option D, "The anterior fontanel is open and soft," is a normal finding in infants, as the anterior fontanel can remain open and soft until around 18 months of age, allowing for brain growth and development. Educationally, understanding the significance of fontanel closure and developmental milestones is crucial for pediatric nursing practice. This knowledge helps nurses identify deviations from normal growth and development, enabling timely interventions and promoting optimal health outcomes for infants.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In a young child with suspected bacterial meningitis presenting with fever, irritability, and vomiting, the nurse should anticipate a decreased glucose level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This is because bacterial meningitis causes an inflammatory response in the central nervous system, leading to increased consumption of glucose by the infecting organisms and inflammatory cells. A decreased CSF glucose level is a hallmark finding in bacterial meningitis and indicates the presence of an infectious process. Option A: Decreased protein count is not the expected finding in bacterial meningitis. In fact, bacterial meningitis typically presents with an elevated protein count in the CSF due to the inflammatory response. Option B: Clear, straw-colored fluid is not indicative of bacterial meningitis. In meningitis, the CSF is typically cloudy due to the presence of increased white blood cells and protein. Option C: A positive for red blood cells (RBCs) is not a characteristic finding in bacterial meningitis. The presence of RBCs in the CSF may suggest a traumatic tap rather than an infectious process. Educationally, understanding the expected CSF findings in bacterial meningitis is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing these key diagnostic indicators can help in prompt identification and treatment of this potentially life-threatening condition. Nurses must be knowledgeable about interpreting CSF results and understand the implications for patient care and management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In ataxic cerebral palsy, the characteristic features include hypotonia (low muscle tone) and muscle instability. These manifestations contribute to the infant's difficulty in achieving independent sitting. Hypertonia (increased muscle tone) and persistence of primitive reflexes, as mentioned in option B, are more commonly associated with other types of cerebral palsy. Tremors and exaggerated posturing (option C) are not typical features of ataxic CP. Hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body) and hypertonia (increased muscle tone) mentioned in option D are more commonly seen in other types of cerebral palsy, such as spastic CP.