ATI RN
Environmental and Occupational Health Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which statement is NOT true?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because you do not inherit exact copies of your parents' chromosomes due to genetic recombination during meiosis. This process shuffles genetic material, creating unique combinations in each gamete. This variation results in offspring having a mix of genetic traits from both parents. Choices A and B are true statements regarding mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome inheritance, respectively. Choice C may have been an error or intentionally left blank for the purpose of this question.
Question 2 of 5
What could Mendel do with his plants that we cannot do with people?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Certainly! Mendel could look at several traits in the same cross with his plants because they exhibit clear and distinct traits that are easy to observe and manipulate. This allowed him to study inheritance patterns of multiple traits simultaneously. In contrast, it is challenging to observe and manipulate multiple traits in people due to complex genetic interactions and environmental factors. This makes it difficult to isolate and study individual traits in humans compared to plants. Therefore, the ability to study several traits in the same cross is a unique advantage that Mendel had with his plants, making option D the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
A chromosome looks like an “X†at mitosis because
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B Rationale: At mitosis, a chromosome looks like an "X" because after DNA replication, each chromosome consists of two identical chromatids connected at the centromere. This structure ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material during cell division, maintaining genetic consistency. The other choices are incorrect as: A: At mitosis, chromosomes condense and are not visible as double helix strands. C: "X" does not stand for a mutation; it represents the chromatids of a replicated chromosome. D: Homologous chromosomes do not form the "X" shape; it results from sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome.
Question 4 of 5
Factors affecting the possibility of clinical effects of chromosome aberrations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all factors listed (A, B, and C) can influence the clinical effects of chromosome aberrations. A) Whether genetic material is lost or gained affects the function of genes. B) The amount of genetic material lost or gained can lead to more severe consequences. C) Euchromatic vs. heterochromatic material influences gene expression and function. Therefore, considering all these factors together provides a comprehensive understanding of the clinical effects of chromosome aberrations. Other choices are incorrect because they only focus on individual aspects and do not provide a holistic view.
Question 5 of 5
Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are prenatal diagnostic tests. Step 2: These tests are performed to access fetal DNA for genetic analysis. Step 3: Amniocentesis involves extracting amniotic fluid, while chorionic villus sampling involves collecting cells from the placenta. Step 4: Both procedures allow for genetic testing of the fetus. Step 5: Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the purpose of these tests. Summary: Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the main purpose of amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, which is to access fetal DNA for genetic analysis, not to result in induced miscarriage, not just when non-invasive techniques are uninformative, and not necessarily to document a genetic defect.