Which statement is incorrect regarding the treatment of UTI in pregnant women?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nitrofurantoin 50 mg QID is incorrect dose is low (100 mg typical), and duration is 7 days, not 14, in pregnancy (e.g., avoids fetal risk late-term). 10-14 day duration fits some overstated for all. Augmentin and cephalexin are safe correct usage. Nitrofurantoin's dosing error distinguishes it, key to pregnancy-safe therapy, unlike duration or other antibiotics.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Major renal injury can occur without macroscopic hematuria e.g., grade 4 laceration with microhematuria, incorrect. Blunt trauma with microhematuria alone imaging optional, true. With rib fracture/flank tenderness imaging needed, correct. Penetrating with macrohematuria imaging mandatory, accurate. Subtle major injury distinguishes the error, key to trauma assessment, unlike stable or obvious cases.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Both are true: High-dose furosemide lacks ARF benefit only aids overload (e.g., no GFR improvement). Dopamine (1-5 µg/kg/min, not mg) is renal-dose, used post-volume correction in oliguria unproven efficacy, but fits scenario. Dual accuracy distinguishes it, key to evidence-based ARF care, unlike single or negated options.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Calcium oxalate is the commonest ureteric stone ~70-80% (e.g., hypercalciuria), metabolic driver. Triple phosphate (struvite) ties to infection less frequent. Urate (~10%) and cysteine (rare, genetic) minority. Oxalate's prevalence distinguishes it, critical for stone epidemiology, unlike infection or metabolic rarities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: MMR vaccine is contraindicated in transplant patients live attenuated, risks viremia in immunosuppression. Nystatin (candida), pneumococcal, and hepatitis B vaccines safe, recommended. Prophylaxis for dental procedures aligns standard. Live vaccine ban distinguishes it, critical for transplant safety, unlike protective measures.