Which statement is incorrect regarding renal trauma?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Major renal injury can occur without macroscopic hematuria e.g., grade 4 laceration with microhematuria, incorrect. Blunt trauma with microhematuria alone imaging optional, true. With rib fracture/flank tenderness imaging needed, correct. Penetrating with macrohematuria imaging mandatory, accurate. Subtle major injury distinguishes the error, key to trauma assessment, unlike stable or obvious cases.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Calcium oxalate is the commonest ureteric stone ~70-80% (e.g., hypercalciuria), metabolic driver. Triple phosphate (struvite) ties to infection less frequent. Urate (~10%) and cysteine (rare, genetic) minority. Oxalate's prevalence distinguishes it, critical for stone epidemiology, unlike infection or metabolic rarities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: MMR vaccine is contraindicated in transplant patients live attenuated, risks viremia in immunosuppression. Nystatin (candida), pneumococcal, and hepatitis B vaccines safe, recommended. Prophylaxis for dental procedures aligns standard. Live vaccine ban distinguishes it, critical for transplant safety, unlike protective measures.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Irregular menses isn't a UTI risk unrelated to urinary tract (e.g., hormonal, not mechanical). Intercourse introduces bacteria proven. Uterine prolapse impairs emptying stasis. Diaphragm/spermicide alter flora E. coli growth. Lack of association distinguishes menses, key to risk factors, unlike mechanical/microbial triggers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Glutamine donates nitrogen to both purines (N3, N9) and pyrimidines (amide), unlike aspartic acid (purines), glutamic acid (indirect), or glycine (purines). This specifies nucleotide synthesis, key for DNA/RNA, contrasting with limited contributors.