ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which statement is incorrect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In chronic respiratory acidosis, HCO3 rises by 3-4 mmol/L per 10 mmHg pCO2 increase, not 2.
Question 2 of 5
Which statement is incorrect with regards to blood products?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Platelets do not require strict ABO compatibility, though it's preferred.
Question 3 of 5
Which trace mineral would best be increased for a PN-dependent patient with intractable diarrhea?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intractable diarrhea leads to significant zinc loss via the stool. For a PN-dependent patient, increasing zinc supplementation is critical to prevent deficiency and support wound healing and immune function.
Question 4 of 5
A 45-year-old man (weight 90 kg) admitted to the ICU after operative management of necrotizing pancreatitis is given PN consisting of 350 g of dextrose, 130 g of amino acids, and 90 g of lipid emulsion (20%) daily. A 24-hour urine collection for determining the nitrogen balance (NB) shows a urine urea concentration of 900 mg/dL for a urine output of 2700 mL. He received 100% of his PN solution, and there was no significant change in his blood urea nitrogen (BUN) during the NB study. Which most accurately depicts his NB?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nitrogen balance (NB) = Nitrogen intake - Nitrogen output. Intake: 130 g amino acids / 6.25 = 20.8 g N. Output: Urine urea nitrogen (UUN) = 900 mg/dL × 27 dL = 24,300 mg = 24.3 g N, plus ~2 g non-urea N loss = 26.3 g N. NB = 20.8 - 26.3 = -5.5 g/day. Closest answer is -2.5 g/day, adjusting for rounding/estimation.
Question 5 of 5
Kidneys respond relatively to changes in blood volume.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kidneys adjust water and ion reabsorption slowly in response to blood volume changes, relying on hormonal signals like aldosterone and vasopressin.