ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which statement demonstrates that the patient accurately understands the nurse's teaching related to a low-sodium diet?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because avocados and oranges are low in sodium, indicating understanding of a low-sodium diet. Dried fruits (A) are often high in sodium due to processing. Tomato juice (B) can be high in sodium unless it's low-sodium. A cheeseburger (D) typically contains high amounts of sodium, especially with extra ketchup. By choosing avocado and orange salad, the patient demonstrates good knowledge of low-sodium food choices.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 48 h. Which action demonstrates effective nursing care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct: 1. Checking the patient's blood glucose level is crucial as TPN can significantly affect glucose levels. 2. Regular monitoring helps prevent complications like hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. 3. Following facility protocol ensures consistency and accuracy in patient care. 4. Timely intervention based on blood glucose levels can prevent adverse effects. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Increasing infusion rate without proper assessment can lead to metabolic complications. C: TPN administration method depends on patient condition, not a fixed duration. D: Monitoring peripheral IV site is irrelevant for TPN, which requires a central line.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has sustained blunt trauma to the left flank area, and is evaluating the patient's urinalysis results. The nurse should become concerned when
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Presence of red blood cells and albumin in the urine indicates possible kidney damage due to the blunt trauma. This is concerning as it may suggest renal impairment or injury. Choices A, B, and C are normal findings and do not necessarily indicate kidney damage. A: Similar creatinine levels in urine and blood are expected as creatinine is filtered by the kidneys. B: Sodium and chloride in urine are normal components and their presence is expected. C: Uric acid levels in urine mirroring serum levels is a normal finding.
Question 4 of 5
The term used to describe an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: azotemia. Azotemia refers to an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels, indicating a buildup of nitrogenous waste products in the blood. Oliguria (A) is a decrease in urine output, not specifically related to BUN and creatinine levels. Acute kidney injury (C) is a broader term that includes various causes of kidney dysfunction, not specific to elevated BUN and creatinine levels. Prerenal disease (D) typically refers to conditions affecting blood flow to the kidneys, leading to decreased kidney function, but it does not specifically indicate elevated BUN and creatinine levels.
Question 5 of 5
The patient undergoes a cardiac catheterization that requires the use of contrast dyes during the procedure. To detect signs of contrast-induced kidney injury, the nurse should
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because evaluating the patient's serum creatinine for up to 72 hours after the procedure is a standard practice to detect contrast-induced kidney injury. Serum creatinine levels can indicate kidney function and any changes post-procedure could signal kidney injury. Choice A is incorrect because a decrease in urine output may not always be an early indicator of kidney injury. Choice C is incorrect as a renal ultrasound is not typically used for detecting contrast-induced kidney injury. Choice D is incorrect because evaluating postvoid residual volume is not specific for detecting kidney injury related to contrast dye use.