Which statement by the patient indicates to the nurse that the patient understands danger signs during the second trimester?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because pain while urinating can be a sign of a urinary tract infection, which is common during pregnancy and can lead to complications if not treated promptly. Heartburn, constipation, and leg cramps are common discomforts during pregnancy but are not typically considered emergency danger signs. Therefore, option C is the most critical symptom that requires immediate medical attention to prevent potential harm to the mother and baby.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Multipara. This term refers to a woman who has given birth to two or more children. In this case, the client has one child already, making her a multipara. A: Primipara refers to a woman who has given birth to one child, which does not match the client's birth history. B: Primigravida refers to a woman who is pregnant for the first time, which also does not match the client's history. C: Nulligravida refers to a woman who has never been pregnant, which is not the case for the client. Therefore, the correct term to describe the client's birth history is Multipara, as she has one child and is currently 8 weeks gestation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 41-year-old. Advanced maternal age increases the risk of labor dystocia due to reduced uterine muscle tone and coordination. Older individuals are more likely to experience prolonged labor or difficulty with fetal descent. Choice A (38-week gestation) is not a risk factor for labor dystocia. Prenatal anemia (Choice C) may lead to complications during pregnancy but is not directly linked to labor dystocia. Lack of prenatal care (Choice D) can increase the risk of complications but is not a specific risk factor for labor dystocia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: misoprostol. Misoprostol is used for cervical ripening in obstetrics due to its ability to soften and dilate the cervix, making it favorable for induction of labor. It is a prostaglandin E1 analogue that helps prepare the cervix for childbirth. Amniotomy (A) is the artificial rupture of membranes and does not directly aid in cervical ripening. Hemabate (B) is a medication used to treat postpartum hemorrhage, not for cervical ripening. Progesterone (D) is a hormone that helps maintain pregnancy and is not used for cervical ripening.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: fetal growth restriction. Oligohydramnios refers to low levels of amniotic fluid, which can restrict fetal growth due to decreased cushioning and space for movement. This can lead to complications such as poor fetal nutrition, musculoskeletal abnormalities, and pulmonary hypoplasia. Fetal macrosomia (A) is the opposite of fetal growth restriction, preterm labor (B) is not directly associated with oligohydramnios, and placenta previa (C) is a separate condition involving the placenta's position in the uterus.