Which statement by a caregiver of a child shows the nurse an understanding of vaccine safety?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it demonstrates an understanding of vaccine safety by acknowledging the low probability of severe reactions. This statement shows the caregiver has knowledge of the rarity of adverse events following vaccination, indicating a balanced perspective on the risks and benefits. A: Incorrect. This choice reflects a decision not to vaccinate without mentioning safety awareness. B: Incorrect. This choice indicates a general disagreement with vaccines but doesn't address safety understanding. D: Incorrect. This choice lacks any information related to vaccine safety or understanding of risks.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Smoking cessation. Smoking cessation would lead to a longer life span due to the numerous harmful effects of smoking on health, such as increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, respiratory problems, and cancer. Quitting smoking reduces these risks and improves overall health, thus increasing life expectancy. Choice B, limiting physical activity, would have a negative impact on health as regular physical activity is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle and preventing chronic diseases. Choice C, eating only one vegetable a day, would not support optimal health as a varied and balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables is important for overall well-being and longevity. In summary, smoking cessation is the most effective public health change to increase life span compared to limiting physical activity or restricting vegetable intake.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for choice A being correct: 1. Demand for services in the community is a direct reflection of the actual needs and priorities of the community members. 2. It indicates what services are lacking or insufficient, helping prioritize resources effectively. 3. Demand-driven approach ensures community participation and ownership in decision-making processes. 4. Meeting the demands helps improve community well-being and satisfaction. Summary for why other choices are incorrect: B: Expert's determination may overlook actual needs and preferences of the community. C: Health disparities are important but do not necessarily capture the full spectrum of community needs. D: Verbal expressions may not always align with the actual demands or priorities of the community.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Compare data. Epidemiological studies are used in the nursing process to analyze and compare data related to health issues, risk factors, and outcomes. By comparing data, nurses can identify patterns, trends, and potential interventions. B: Identifying objectives is not a direct application of epidemiological studies in the nursing process. C: Documenting effectiveness is related to evaluating interventions, not specifically using epidemiological studies. D: Checking the environment is important for assessing external factors, but it is not the primary purpose of epidemiological studies in the nursing process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of disease before it occurs. Providing influenza immunizations to employees at a day care program is an example of primary prevention as it aims to prevent the spread of influenza by immunizing individuals before they get infected. Screening for cancer (choice A) is a form of secondary prevention as it aims to detect cancer early in individuals who may already have the disease. COPD medication regimen (choice B) is a form of tertiary prevention as it focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications in individuals who already have COPD.