Which statement about truancy is NOT true?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question about truancy in pediatric nursing practice, the correct answer is A) It is normal behavior in young children. Truancy is defined as the intentional, unjustified, or unauthorized absence from compulsory education. Young children typically do not have the autonomy or means to skip school on their own, so truancy is not considered normal behavior in this age group. Option B) It represents disorganization within the home is incorrect because while truancy can be a symptom of family issues, it is not always indicative of disorganization within the home. Truancy can have various causes, including social, psychological, or academic factors. Option C) It may reflect underlying child abuse is incorrect because while truancy can be associated with child abuse in some cases, it is not a definitive indicator of abuse. Child abuse can manifest in various ways, and truancy is just one potential sign among many. Option D) Adolescents may be at risk of substance abuse is incorrect because while truancy can be a risk factor for substance abuse in adolescents, it is not the only risk factor. There are multiple factors that can contribute to substance abuse in this age group, including peer pressure, mental health issues, and family dynamics. In an educational context, understanding the reasons behind truancy is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide holistic care to their patients. By recognizing the underlying causes of truancy, nurses can intervene early, collaborate with other professionals, and support children and families in addressing the root issues. This knowledge helps nurses promote the health and well-being of children and adolescents in their care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding stereotypic movements is crucial for assessing and caring for children with developmental or neurological conditions. The correct answer is D) head banging because it is a recognized stereotypic movement, commonly seen in conditions like autism spectrum disorder. Head banging serves as a self-soothing or self-stimulatory behavior. Option A) hand shaking is a recognized stereotypic movement seen in conditions like cerebral palsy. Option B) eye blinking is a common stereotypic movement observed in individuals with Tourette syndrome. Option C) body rocking is another recognized stereotypic movement often seen in children with autism spectrum disorder or sensory processing disorders. Educationally, knowing these stereotypic movements helps nurses in early recognition of potential developmental or neurological issues in children. Recognizing and understanding these movements allows for appropriate interventions and support to be provided to improve the child's quality of life and overall well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) it indicates a potential for future lying behavior. This is because lying in young children aged 3 is developmentally appropriate and is often linked to their cognitive and social development. At this age, children are still learning about reality versus fantasy, and their grasp of truth and falsehood is not fully formed. Option A) it is a method of playing with the language is incorrect because young children often engage in imaginative play and storytelling, which can include elements of make-believe without the intention to deceive. Option B) it is a part of their magical thinking is also incorrect as children at this age are still in the stage of magical thinking where they may blur the lines between reality and fantasy, leading to storytelling that may not always align with the truth. Option D) it is an approach to avoid unwanted confrontation with adults is incorrect because young children may lie to avoid punishment or disapproval, but it is more about self-preservation and not necessarily an indication of future lying behavior. In an educational context, it is crucial for parents and caregivers to understand the developmental stages of children to differentiate between normal behaviors and potential concerns. By recognizing that lying in young children is often a temporary phase tied to their cognitive growth, adults can respond with patience, guidance, and age-appropriate discipline strategies to help children navigate this stage successfully.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Routine screening for autistic spectrum disorders is an essential component of pediatric healthcare to ensure early detection and intervention. The correct answer, option C - 18 and 24 months, aligns with the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendation for autism screening at 18 and 24 months of age. This timing is crucial because early identification of autism allows for prompt intervention and support, which can significantly improve outcomes for children with autism. Option A, screening at 6 and 12 months, is too early for accurate detection of autism as symptoms may not be fully developed or apparent at such a young age. Option B, screening at 12 and 18 months, misses the critical window recommended by the AAP for early detection. Option D, screening at 24 and 30 months, delays the screening process, potentially missing opportunities for early intervention and support. In an educational context, it is important for healthcare professionals working in pediatric settings to be aware of the recommended screening guidelines for autism. By understanding the rationale behind the timing of these screenings, healthcare providers can advocate for and implement early screening practices that benefit the children under their care. Regular updates on screening guidelines and best practices are essential for healthcare professionals to provide quality care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Leukokoria in a newborn infant is a concerning finding that can indicate various eye disorders. In this case, the correct answer is C) congenital glaucoma. Congenital glaucoma can present with leukokoria due to increased intraocular pressure leading to changes in the eye structure. This condition requires prompt evaluation and management to prevent vision loss. A) Cataracts can also present with leukokoria, as they cause opacity in the lens of the eye. Prompt identification and treatment are essential to prevent visual impairment. B) Tumor, such as retinoblastoma, can also manifest as leukokoria. Early detection and intervention are crucial to improve outcomes in these cases. D) Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) typically does not present with leukokoria. ROP is a condition seen in premature infants due to abnormal blood vessel development in the retina. Screening and appropriate management are vital to prevent visual deficits. Educationally, understanding the various causes of leukokoria in newborns is crucial for pediatric nurses to recognize and appropriately refer infants for further evaluation by ophthalmology specialists. Early detection and intervention can significantly impact visual outcomes in these vulnerable patients.