Which statement about the epidemiology and specific prophylactic of Haemophilus influenzae is NOT CORRECT?

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Question 1 of 9

Which statement about the epidemiology and specific prophylactic of Haemophilus influenzae is NOT CORRECT?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because there is no effective killed vaccine that is protective against all capsular types of Haemophilus spp. The Haemophilus influenzae vaccine primarily targets specific capsular types, not all of them. Choice A is incorrect because non-encapsulated strains can indeed be isolated from healthy carriers. Choice C is incorrect as Haemophilus influenzae is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets, not through the air. Choice D is not correct because Choice B is indeed incorrect, making it the right answer.

Question 2 of 9

In the sixteenth century a father-and-son team, by the name of __________, produced a compound microscope consisting of a simple tube with lenses at each end.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Janssen. In the 16th century, Zacharias Janssen and his father Hans Janssen are credited with inventing the compound microscope. They constructed a simple tube with lenses at each end, allowing for magnification of small objects. This innovation laid the foundation for the development of modern microscopes. Van Leeuwenhoek is known for his contributions to microbiology but did not invent the compound microscope. Semmelweis is known for his work in handwashing and preventing infections. Hooke made significant contributions to microscopy but did not invent the compound microscope.

Question 3 of 9

Which of the following viruses belong to the family Herpesviridae?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for the correct answer (A: Epstein-Barr virus): 1. Epstein-Barr virus is a member of the Herpesviridae family, known for causing infectious mononucleosis. 2. Members of Herpesviridae have double-stranded DNA genomes and enveloped virions. 3. They establish latent infections in host cells and can reactivate periodically. 4. Poxvirus (B) belongs to the Poxviridae family, not Herpesviridae. 5. SARS (C) is caused by a coronavirus, not a herpesvirus. 6. HIV (D) belongs to the Retroviridae family, not Herpesviridae. Summary: The correct answer is A because Epstein-Barr virus is a member of the Herpesviridae family, exhibiting specific characteristics distinct from the other choices.

Question 4 of 9

Which of the following characteristics does not refer to the flu vaccine

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the flu vaccine primarily stimulates systemic immunity rather than local immunity. It is administered parenterally (C) as it is injected into the body. It is a subunit vaccine (B) as it contains only specific antigens of the virus. It is a recommended vaccine (A) due to its effectiveness in preventing influenza. In summary, D is the correct choice as the flu vaccine mainly targets systemic immunity, not local immunity, unlike the other characteristics listed.

Question 5 of 9

A 28 y.o. patient without permanent residence was admitted to the hospital with the preliminary diagnosis influenza. On the fith day of illness he got a maculopapular petechial rash on his body and internal surfaces of extremities. Body temperature is 410 C, euphoria, face hyperemia, sclera reddening, tongue tremor, tachycardia, splenomegaly, excitement. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Initial diagnosis of influenza suggests a viral illness. Step 2: Presence of maculopapular petechial rash and high fever indicates a systemic infection. Step 3: Symptoms like euphoria, hyperemia, tachycardia, splenomegaly, and excitement are characteristic of epidemic typhus. Step 4: Face hyperemia, sclera reddening, and tongue tremor are specific to epidemic typhus. Step 5: Epidemic typhus is transmitted by body lice, which fits the scenario of a patient without permanent residence. Summary: - Delirium alcoholicum is unlikely due to the specific symptoms and lack of history of alcohol abuse. - Leptospirosis typically presents with jaundice and renal symptoms, not seen in this case. - Measles rash is different from the maculopapular petechial rash described.

Question 6 of 9

In preparation for business trip abroad the doctor was prescribed a histoschizontocidal antimalarial drug as a personal means of disease prevention. What drug was given to the doctor?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mefloquine. Mefloquine is a histoschizontocidal antimalarial drug commonly prescribed for prevention of malaria in travelers. It is effective against the liver stage of the malaria parasite, which is crucial for preventing the development of the disease. Chingamin (A) is not a commonly used antimalarial drug. Biseptol (C) is a combination antibiotic and is not effective against malaria parasites. Quinine (D) is primarily used for treating malaria, not preventing it, and it is not specifically histoschizontocidal.

Question 7 of 9

When microorganisms enter the circulatory system through the lymphatic drainage and cause an infection, the condition is called:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: microbemia. When microorganisms enter the circulatory system via the lymphatic drainage, the condition is specifically termed microbemia. This term focuses on the presence of microorganisms in the bloodstream. Rationale: 1. Bacteremia (choice A) refers to the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream, not specifically microorganisms as a whole. 2. Septicemia (choice B) is a severe infection causing systemic inflammation due to the presence of pathogens or their toxins in the blood, not limited to microorganisms entering via lymphatic drainage. 3. Viremia (choice D) is the presence of viruses in the bloodstream, not a term used for microorganisms entering through the lymphatic drainage. In summary, the term microbemia accurately describes the scenario of microorganisms entering the circulatory system through lymphatic drainage, making it the correct choice over the other options.

Question 8 of 9

Granulomatosis infantiseptica is caused by:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Granulomatosis infantiseptica is commonly caused by Listeria monocytogenes, a bacterium known to infect newborns. It can lead to granulomatous lesions in various organs. Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are not typical causes of this condition in infants. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests all listed bacteria are responsible, which is not accurate. Therefore, the correct answer is C as Listeria monocytogenes is the specific pathogen associated with granulomatosis infantiseptica.

Question 9 of 9

Adenoviral infections are restricted only to the upper respiratory tract:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Adenoviral infections are not restricted only to the upper respiratory tract; they can also affect the gastrointestinal tract, eyes, and other organs. Adenoviruses are known to cause a wide range of illnesses beyond just respiratory infections. Therefore, option B is correct. Option A is incorrect because it states that adenoviral infections are restricted to the upper respiratory tract, which is not true. Option C is incorrect because there is no circumstance where adenoviral infections are solely limited to the upper respiratory tract. Option D is also incorrect as the correct answer is B.

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