ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which statement about protein digestion and absorption is most correct?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it accurately states that the products of protein digestion can be absorbed as free amino acids or as di- or tripeptides. This is true as the final breakdown products of proteins, whether they are individual amino acids or smaller peptide chains, can be absorbed through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream. Choice B is incorrect because not all proteins are digested equally in the stomach, and the efficiency of digestion can vary based on factors like protein structure and presence of inhibitors. Choice C is incorrect because chymotrypsin, elastase, and carboxypeptidase A are actually produced and secreted by the pancreas, not the gastric zymogenic cells. Choice D is incorrect because there are more than 14 different amino acid transporters involved in the absorption of digested protein products, not just one. Therefore, choice A is the most correct statement regarding protein digestion and absorption.
Question 2 of 5
An increase in the ratio of glucagon to insulin would do which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An increase in the ratio of glucagon to insulin signals a state of low blood glucose, promoting lipolysis in adipose tissue to release fatty acids for energy production. Glucagon activates hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissue, leading to increased breakdown of triglycerides. This process releases fatty acids and glycerol into the bloodstream to be used as fuel. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choices A and C are incorrect as glucagon promotes glucose production in the liver and inhibits glucose uptake by muscle cells, respectively. Choice D is incorrect as the increased glucagon to insulin ratio has a physiological effect on lipolysis.
Question 3 of 5
A client hospitalized with ulcerative colitis reports 10-20 small diarrhea stools per day, with abdominal pain prior to defecation. The client appears depressed and underweight and is uninterested in self-care or suggested therapies. What is the priority nursing diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements related to nutrient loss. This is the priority nursing diagnosis because the client is underweight and experiencing significant nutrient loss due to the high frequency of diarrhea stools. Addressing the nutritional needs is crucial to prevent further weight loss and malnutrition. Choice A is incorrect because the issue is not just irritated bowel causing diarrhea but also nutrient loss leading to weight loss. Choice C is incorrect as the abdominal pain is not the primary concern in this case. Choice D is incorrect because the client's main issue is related to physical symptoms (nutrient loss and weight loss) rather than coping with the chronic illness.
Question 4 of 5
A client complained of sore throat after the procedure of EG The nurse observed that the client's gag reflex has returne What measure can the nurse take to relieve the client's discomfort?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Provide him with ice chips. Ice chips can help soothe the client's sore throat by providing a cooling effect, reducing inflammation, and numbing the area. This can help relieve discomfort and reduce pain. Providing lots of fluids (Choice A) may be beneficial for hydration but may not directly target the sore throat. Providing nourishments (Choice C) is important for overall health but may not specifically address the sore throat. Providing medications (Choice D) may be necessary in some cases, but starting with a non-invasive and simple intervention like ice chips is often preferred.
Question 5 of 5
In which group of clients will the nurse observe the pain to be mild or absent in pancreatitis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Older adults. In pancreatitis, older adults may have diminished pain perception due to age-related changes in nerve function. This can lead to mild or absent pain sensation despite the presence of significant inflammation in the pancreas. Women nearing menopause (choice A) may still experience significant pain. Children (choice B) and young adults (choice C) are more likely to experience severe pain due to their higher pain perception and sensitivity.