ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 The Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 9
Which statement about ARBs does the nurse identify as being true?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) are less likely to cause cough compared to ACE inhibitors. However, one of the notable adverse effects associated with ARBs is hyperkalemia. ARBs can lead to an increase in potassium levels in the blood more so than ACE inhibitors. Therefore, the nurse should recognize that hyperkalemia is more likely to occur with ARBs than when using ACE inhibitors.
Question 2 of 9
The nurse is caring for a client receiving IV vancomycin (Vancocin). Which infusion-related reaction should the nurse monitor for?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vancomycin, used for resistant infections, can cause red man syndrome 'flushing, rash, and pruritus on the upper body'due to histamine release from rapid IV infusion. Monitoring for this allows slowing the rate (e.g., over 1-2 hours), preventing discomfort or anaphylactoid reactions. Hypotension may occur secondary to this but isn't primary. Fever and nausea are less specific to infusion speed. Red man syndrome's distinct presentation ties directly to vancomycin's administration, a well-known risk mitigated by nursing vigilance. This focus ensures safe delivery, distinguishing it from systemic effects, making A the key reaction to watch during infusion.
Question 3 of 9
What decreases the renin angiotensin aldosterone system?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACE inhibitors decrease the renin angiotensin aldosterone system by blocking the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. By inhibiting this enzyme, ACE inhibitors reduce the production of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, and lower aldosterone secretion. This leads to vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, and reduced retention of sodium and water. Consequently, ACE inhibitors are commonly used in the management of hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease.
Question 4 of 9
The following are side effects of SSRI's EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine) can cause rash as a hypersensitivity reaction, true. Weight gain isn't a hallmark side effect (unlike TCAs); some cause weight loss or neutrality, making this the exception, though key says B is true (possible typo). Sexual dysfunction (e.g., delayed ejaculation) is common, true. Anxiety can occur initially, true. GI symptoms like nausea are frequent. Per the key, weight gain isn't typical, distinguishing SSRIs from other antidepressants in side effect profiles.
Question 5 of 9
Which of the following are common side effects when taking the drug Phenytoin. Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug that can commonly cause drowsiness, ataxia (loss of full control of bodily movements), and dry mouth as side effects. These side effects are important to monitor in patients taking Phenytoin to ensure their safety and well-being. Increased suicidal thoughts are not a common side effect associated with Phenytoin.
Question 6 of 9
A 53-year-old man spends his mornings outside gardening. He frequently develops tension headaches, and the only medication he keeps at home is aspirin. After taking two regular-sized aspirin tablets almost daily for a few weeks, which of the following side effects is he most at risk for?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Daily aspirin for weeks risks tinnitus , a COX-inhibition side effect from salicylate buildup. Angina , insomnia , and nephrolithiasis aren't typical. Hypercoagulability opposes its action. Tinnitus reflects ototoxicity, common with frequent use.
Question 7 of 9
A 13-year-old male has begun having spells of wheezing and difficulty breathing while playing outside. He is diagnosed with asthma and given an inhaler to treat acute attacks. His medication is working well, but he would also like something to prevent attacks from happening. Which of the following drugs would be best to add to his regimen?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asthma prevention in a child needs a long-acting agent. Salmeterol , a long-acting β2-agonist, reduces attack frequency. Albuterol and Epinephrine are short-acting. Ipratropium aids acute relief. Isoproterenol (E) is outdated. Salmeterol's prolonged bronchodilation suits prophylaxis.
Question 8 of 9
The home care nurse is caring for a patient newly prescribed a nonselective beta-blocking agent. What would the nurse include in the teaching plan related to this drug? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients should be taught to change position slowly, avoid driving or operating hazardous machinery, and to pace activities as a result of potential dizziness from orthostatic hypotension in order to avoid injury. Patients should take medicine with meals when possible. Drug is more likely to decrease libido than increase it. Activity levels should be paced and care should be taken not to overdo. The nurse should provide comprehensive patient education to ensure safe and effective use of the medication.
Question 9 of 9
Peripheral adverse effects of levodopa, including nausea, hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmias, can be diminished by including which of the following drugs in the therapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Levodopa's peripheral conversion to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase causes nausea (via chemoreceptor trigger zone stimulation), hypotension, and arrhythmias. Carbidopa, a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, prevents this conversion outside the CNS, reducing these side effects while increasing levodopa's brain availability. Amantadine, an NMDA antagonist, boosts dopamine release but doesn't address peripheral metabolism. Ropinirole, a dopamine agonist, bypasses levodopa but doesn't mitigate its effects. Tolcapone, a COMT inhibitor, prolongs levodopa's action but can increase peripheral dopamine if used alone, worsening side effects. Carbidopa's specific blockade of peripheral decarboxylation directly counters these adverse effects, making it the essential adjunct in levodopa therapy.