Which standardized test would be most appropriate for assessing the motor development of a 2-month-old infant in a high-risk clinic?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of assessing the motor development of a 2-month-old infant in a high-risk clinic, the most appropriate standardized test would be the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS-2) for several reasons. The PDMS-2 is specifically designed to assess the motor skills of infants and young children, making it developmentally appropriate for this age group. It includes items that are relevant to the motor milestones expected at 2 months of age, such as head control and early limb movements. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) is more suited for older children and may not capture the specific nuances of motor development in infants. The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Index (PEDI) is focused on assessing functional abilities in children with disabilities, which may not be relevant for a typically developing 2-month-old. The School Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (School-AMPS) is designed for school-aged children and evaluates functional motor skills in a classroom setting, making it inappropriate for assessing an infant's motor development. Educationally, understanding the appropriate assessment tools for different age groups is crucial for pediatric nurses to accurately evaluate and monitor child development. Using the right assessment tool ensures that interventions and support are tailored to the child's specific needs, promoting optimal growth and development.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct frame of reference that emphasizes techniques to teach children movement resembling coaching is Motor control/motor learning. This approach focuses on improving movement skills through techniques that are similar to coaching methods. It helps children develop and refine their motor skills in a structured and goal-oriented manner. Rehabilitation, Biomechanical, and Ayres' sensory integration have different emphases and objectives in therapy, making them incorrect choices for this question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most effective approach when developing a home program for self-care is to practice the new steps with the child until they are capable of independently carrying them out at home. This method ensures that the child has mastered the skills before transitioning to independent implementation. It is essential for the child's success in self-care activities and promotes their autonomy and confidence. Requiring the parent to practice the steps regularly and track progress, introducing new programs weekly, or having the parent teach the steps without practice may not be as beneficial in fostering the child's independence and skill acquisition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The last step in interpersonal reasoning involves gathering feedback. Once you have gone through the process of anticipating, choosing a response or mode sequence, and determining if a mode shift is required, the final step is to gather feedback to assess the effectiveness of your interaction and make any necessary adjustments.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the different types of play is crucial as it provides insights into a child's developmental stage and emotional well-being. In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Exploratory play. Exploratory play is characterized by actions like looking and touching the mother's face, putting hands in one's mouth, and responding to familiar people. This type of play is common in infants and young toddlers as they learn about their environment and develop sensory-motor skills. Option B) Functional or relational play involves actions that serve a purpose, such as stacking blocks or pushing a toy car. This type of play typically emerges in toddlers and preschoolers as they engage in more purposeful activities. Option C) Pretend play involves children using their imagination to role-play scenarios or act out different roles, like pretending to be a doctor or a teacher. This type of play is common in preschool-aged children and is essential for developing creativity and social skills. Option D) Symbolic or imaginary play involves children using objects to represent something else, like using a block as a phone. This type of play emerges in older preschoolers and is important for cognitive development and abstract thinking. Understanding the nuances of play in pediatric nursing helps healthcare professionals assess a child's developmental progress, cognitive abilities, and emotional health. By recognizing the characteristics of each type of play, nurses can better support children's growth and tailor interventions to promote optimal development.