Which stage of wound healing lasts from 21 days to several months and even 1 to 2 years, allowing the strength of the wound to increase through synthesis of collagen by fibroblasts and lysis by collagenase enzymes?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of wound healing, the correct answer is C) Maturation phase. This stage typically lasts from 21 days to several months, and sometimes up to 1 to 2 years. During this phase, the strength of the wound increases as collagen is synthesized by fibroblasts and broken down by collagenase enzymes, leading to scar remodeling and maturation. The incorrect options are: A) Inflammatory stage: This stage occurs immediately after injury and is characterized by inflammation, vasoconstriction, and the formation of a fibrin clot to stop bleeding. B) Proliferative phase: This phase follows the inflammatory stage and involves granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and wound contraction. D) Approximation phase: This term is not commonly used in the context of wound healing stages. The actual term used is the Maturation phase, which focuses on collagen synthesis and remodeling. Educationally, understanding the stages of wound healing is crucial for healthcare professionals to assess and manage wounds effectively. Knowing the timeline and processes of each phase helps in determining appropriate interventions, monitoring for complications, and promoting optimal healing outcomes for patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of caring for a patient with Sophaged cancer, delegating tasks appropriately is crucial for efficient and safe patient care. The correct answer, option A, "Assist the patient with oral hygiene," can be delegated to the nursing assistant. This task falls within the scope of practice for a nursing assistant and is important for maintaining the patient's oral health, especially during cancer treatment that can impact oral mucosa. Option B, "Observe the patient's response to feedings," requires clinical judgment and assessment skills that are typically within the domain of licensed nursing staff. Monitoring a patient's response to feedings involves assessing for signs of dysphagia, aspiration, or other complications that require nursing intervention. Option C, "Facilitate expression of grief or anxiety," involves emotional support and therapeutic communication skills that are typically provided by nurses or other mental health professionals. Nursing assistants may offer comfort but should not lead or facilitate in-depth emotional discussions. Option D, "Initiate daily weights," requires accurate measurement, documentation, and interpretation of weight changes, which are clinical assessments that should be performed by licensed nursing staff to ensure accurate tracking of the patient's condition and treatment effectiveness. In an educational context, understanding the scope of practice for different healthcare team members is essential for effective delegation and optimal patient care outcomes. Nurses must delegate tasks appropriately based on individual competencies and legal regulations to ensure patient safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the goals of treatment is crucial for patient education. In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Control. The primary goal of this type of treatment, which involves initial therapy followed by maintenance treatments and ongoing observation, is to control the condition rather than to cure it outright. This approach is commonly seen in chronic diseases where complete cure may not be possible, but managing symptoms and preventing complications are key. Option A) Cure is incorrect because the scenario mentions ongoing observation for signs and symptoms over a prolonged period, indicating that complete eradication of the condition is not the primary goal. Option C) Palliation is also incorrect as palliative care focuses on improving quality of life and managing symptoms in patients with serious illnesses, typically in advanced stages, rather than on prolonged courses of treatment with maintenance therapies. Option D) Permanent remission is not the primary goal in this scenario as it suggests a complete and enduring absence of disease activity, which may not be achievable or the main focus of the treatment plan outlined. Educationally, understanding the goals of treatment helps patients manage expectations, adhere to treatment plans, and actively participate in their care. It empowers patients to make informed decisions about their health and promotes a collaborative relationship with healthcare providers.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct order of priority for assessing and caring for patients is as follows: 1. A) A patient who developed tumor lysis syndrome around 5:00 am. 2. C) A patient scheduled for exploratory laparotomy this morning. 3. B) A patient with frequent reports of break-through pain over the past 24 hours. 4. D) A patient with anticipatory nausea and vomiting for the past 24 hours. The rationale for prioritizing the patient with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is based on the urgency of this condition. TLS is a potentially life-threatening oncologic emergency that requires prompt assessment and intervention to prevent metabolic derangements such as hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and acute kidney injury. The patient scheduled for exploratory laparotomy also requires timely assessment and preparation for surgery, as any delays could impact their surgical outcome and recovery. The patient experiencing break-through pain should be assessed next, as uncontrolled pain can significantly impact their quality of life and may indicate ineffective pain management strategies that need adjustment. Lastly, the patient with anticipatory nausea and vomiting, while important to address, can be managed after addressing the more urgent and critical conditions presented by the other patients. This prioritization is crucial for ensuring that patients receive timely and appropriate care based on the severity and urgency of their conditions, highlighting the importance of triaging and managing patients effectively in a medical-surgical setting.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and the prevention of lung cancer, the most important risk factor to communicate to patients is option A) Cigarette smoking. This is because cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, responsible for around 85% of cases. When educating patients about lung cancer prevention, emphasizing the detrimental effects of smoking on lung health is crucial. Option B) Exposure to environmental/occupational carcinogens is a significant risk factor for lung cancer, but it is not as prevalent or directly linked to lung cancer as cigarette smoking. Option C) Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is harmful, but the risk is lower compared to active smoking. Option D) Pipe or cigar smoking also increases the risk of lung cancer, but again, the association is weaker compared to cigarette smoking. Educationally, it is essential to provide clear and evidence-based information to patients about the primary risk factors for lung cancer to empower them to make informed decisions about their health. By highlighting the overwhelming link between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, patients can understand the importance of smoking cessation in reducing their risk of developing this deadly disease.