Which solution should the nurse administer with packed red blood cells?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When administering packed red blood cells, it is recommended to use 0.9% sodium chloride, also known as normal saline solution, as the preferred solution. Normal saline is isotonic and compatible with blood products, making it the most suitable solution for transfusion with packed red blood cells. It helps maintain the osmotic pressure and prevents hemolysis of red blood cells, ensuring the safe delivery of the blood product to the patient. Lactated Ringer's solution, D5W, and 0.45% sodium chloride are not ideal choices for administering packed red blood cells due to their electrolyte compositions and potential risks of adverse reactions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Valproate is an anticonvulsant medication commonly used to treat seizures, epilepsy, and bipolar disorder. It works by increasing levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain and also affects other neurotransmitters. Therefore, the expected outcome of taking Valproate is to decrease seizure activity by stabilizing abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct time to take doxapram (Dopram) is not at bedtime. Doxapram is a respiratory stimulant medication that is usually taken during waking hours to help improve breathing. Taking it at bedtime may interfere with regular sleep patterns and could potentially cause side effects like restlessness or insomnia. It is important for the client to take the medication as directed by their healthcare provider, typically before meals or as prescribed, and not at bedtime.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: While Propranolol is commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension and certain heart-related issues, it is also used off-label for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Propranolol has shown efficacy in reducing the intensity of emotional memories and symptoms associated with PTSD by blocking the effects of stress hormones. It is believed to help alleviate symptoms such as anxiety and hyperarousal in individuals with PTSD. However, it is important to note that the off-label use of Propranolol for PTSD should only be done under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare professional.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Propranolol belongs to the pharmacologic classification of Beta Blockers. Beta blockers work by blocking the action of adrenaline and other stress hormones, specifically by blocking beta receptors. Propranolol, in particular, is a non-selective beta blocker that is commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias. It is also used off-label for anxiety and migraine prevention.