Which situation most closely represents the focus of public health nursing?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because public health nursing focuses on promoting and protecting the health of populations, including schoolchildren and their families. Public health nurses provide care not only to individuals but also work to improve the health of communities through education, prevention, and advocacy. Options A, B, and D involve more individual-focused care and do not encompass the broader community and population health perspective that is central to public health nursing. Option A focuses on assessing services, not direct care to populations. Option B involves post-surgical care for individuals. Option D is specific to treating pediatric patients in an outpatient clinic, lacking the community and family-centered approach of public health nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent diseases or injuries before they occur. Choice B, initiating an infant car seat safety screening program, best represents primary prevention by preventing potential injuries to infants from car accidents. This program focuses on addressing the root cause of injuries before they happen. In contrast, administering the influenza vaccine (Choice A) is considered secondary prevention as it aims to prevent complications from an existing disease. Starting a rehabilitation clinic (Choice C) and setting up a blood pressure screening clinic (Choice D) are also secondary prevention measures as they aim to manage existing health conditions rather than prevent them from occurring in the first place.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Migration and urbanization. The Industrial Revolution led to rapid urbanization and migration as people moved from rural areas to cities for employment in factories. This caused a breakdown in traditional caregiving structures as families were separated, leading to inadequate care from families, friends, and neighbors. This shift in population dynamics disrupted the close-knit support systems that had previously existed in rural communities. Choice A (Ongoing wars) is incorrect because while wars could have strained caregiving resources, the primary reason for inadequacy during the Industrial Revolution was related to urbanization and migration. Choice C (Horrific plagues) is also incorrect as it refers to a different historical context and does not directly relate to the inadequacy of caregiving approaches during the Industrial Revolution.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the more economical care provided by early visiting nurses was a significant factor in their success. This cost-effective approach made their services accessible to a wider range of families in need, thus increasing their impact on public health. Other choices are incorrect because A focuses on the care provided rather than the cost-effectiveness, C highlights an individual rather than a systemic factor, and D emphasizes publicity rather than the actual care provided.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the main achievement of the Community Health Nurses Association of Canada is the development of national standards of practice. This achievement is crucial for ensuring consistency, quality, and professionalism in the practice of community health nursing across the country. By establishing these standards, the association helps to guide and improve the delivery of care, promote accountability, and enhance the overall effectiveness of community health nursing services. Choice A is incorrect because it does not specify any particular achievement of the association. Choice B is incorrect because the inclusion of LPNs is not the main achievement of the association. Choice C is incorrect because encouraging nurses who are not PHNs to join is not the main achievement of the association.