Which significant public health achievement in the 20th century helped reduce the global incidence of smallpox?

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Question 1 of 5

Which significant public health achievement in the 20th century helped reduce the global incidence of smallpox?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the smallpox eradication campaign. This initiative led by the World Health Organization successfully eliminated smallpox globally in 1980. The campaign involved mass vaccination programs, surveillance, and containment strategies. The introduction of the polio vaccine (choice A) targeted polio, not smallpox. The development of the tuberculosis vaccine (choice C) aimed to combat tuberculosis, not smallpox. The WHO's health for all campaign (choice D) focused on promoting health for all, but it did not directly address smallpox eradication.

Question 2 of 5

The development of which public health practice in the 19th century helped reduce the spread of infectious diseases such as cholera?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Improvement of sanitation and water supply systems. This practice helped reduce the spread of infectious diseases like cholera by ensuring clean water supply and proper waste disposal, preventing contamination. Hospitals (A) treat but do not prevent diseases like cholera. Antibiotics (B) were not discovered until the 20th century and are used to treat bacterial infections, not prevent the spread of diseases. Public health insurance (D) provides financial support for healthcare but does not directly impact disease prevention measures like sanitation improvements.

Question 3 of 5

Which international event marked the beginning of a global effort to address public health disparities and health inequities?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The Declaration of Alma-Ata. This event marked the beginning of a global effort to address public health disparities and health inequities by emphasizing primary healthcare as a fundamental right for all. It recognized the importance of addressing social determinants of health and promoting equity in health services. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The Global Health Security Agenda focuses on preventing, detecting, and responding to infectious disease threats, not specifically on health disparities. B: The World Health Organization was established in 1948 and plays a crucial role in global health, but it does not specifically mark the beginning of addressing health disparities. D: The Millennium Development Goals aimed to address global challenges such as poverty, education, and gender equality, but did not specifically focus on health disparities.

Question 4 of 5

Which U.S. public health milestone was instrumental in reducing maternal and infant mortality in the 20th century?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The introduction of prenatal care programs. Prenatal care programs play a crucial role in monitoring the health of pregnant women and their babies, thereby reducing the risk of complications and improving outcomes. These programs provide education, screenings, and interventions to ensure the well-being of both mother and child. By receiving early and regular prenatal care, women are more likely to have healthier pregnancies and deliveries, leading to a decrease in maternal and infant mortality rates. Incorrect choices: A: The establishment of the CDC - While the CDC plays a significant role in public health, its focus is broader and not specifically targeted at reducing maternal and infant mortality. C: The establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency - The EPA's primary focus is on environmental regulations and protection, not directly related to maternal and infant health. D: The development of the first flu vaccine - While vaccines are important for public health, the first flu vaccine did not specifically target maternal and infant mortality rates.

Question 5 of 5

Which key public health achievement in the 20th century helped to reduce the global spread of polio?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The introduction of the polio vaccine. This achievement significantly reduced the global spread of polio by providing immunity against the virus. The vaccine was developed in the 1950s and played a crucial role in almost eradicating polio worldwide. The establishment of the CDC (B) is important for public health but did not directly target polio. Antibiotics (C) are used to treat bacterial infections, not viral diseases like polio. The development of the tuberculosis vaccine (D) is unrelated to the prevention of polio. Therefore, the introduction of the polio vaccine is the key public health achievement that directly impacted the reduction of the global spread of polio.

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