Which sign will the newborn experiencing respiratory obstruction often exhibit first?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increased respiratory rate. When a newborn experiences respiratory obstruction, they will initially exhibit an increased respiratory rate as their body tries to compensate for the lack of oxygen. This is a natural response to try to increase oxygen intake. Gagging (choice A) and vomiting (choice B) may occur as secondary symptoms if the obstruction persists. Decreased heart rate (choice C) is unlikely to be the first sign, as the body typically prioritizes ensuring oxygen supply to vital organs such as the brain. Therefore, the increased respiratory rate is the most immediate and crucial sign to indicate respiratory obstruction in a newborn.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because being in the 90th percentile for weight as an infant does not necessarily mean the weight is appropriate or average (choice A) or that the infant is LGA (choice B). Choice D is incorrect because being in the 90th percentile means the infant's weight is greater than 90% of other infants, not less. Choice C is correct because research shows that infants in the 90th percentile for weight are more likely to be overweight as adults due to potential genetic factors and lifestyle habits developed early in life.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: greater surface area in proportion to weight. Preterm infants have a higher surface area to weight ratio due to their smaller size and underdeveloped body systems. This increased surface area makes them more susceptible to heat loss and requires special care to maintain their body temperature. A: more subcutaneous fat - This is incorrect because preterm infants actually have less subcutaneous fat compared to full-term infants. B: well-developed flexor muscles - This is incorrect as preterm infants typically have less muscle tone and may exhibit muscle weakness. C: few blood vessels visible through the skin - This is incorrect as preterm infants often have fragile skin with visible blood vessels due to their underdeveloped skin layers.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encourage the parents to touch their infant. This is important as physical touch promotes bonding between the parents and the infant, which is crucial for the infant's emotional and psychological development. It also helps the parents feel connected and involved in the care of their child. Choice B is incorrect because reassurance alone may not address the parents' need for physical closeness and bonding with their infant. Choice C is incorrect as discussing future care at this moment may overwhelm the parents and distract from the immediate need for bonding. Choice D is incorrect because limiting the parents' visit time may create more anxiety and hinder the bonding process.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Teach the parents signs of overstimulation, such as turning the face away or stiffening and extending the extremities and fingers. Rationale: 1. Teaching parents signs of overstimulation empowers them to recognize and respond to their infant's cues effectively. 2. Parents can then modify the environment or interactions to reduce overstimulation, hence decreasing oxygen use. 3. This intervention promotes parental involvement in the care of the preterm infant, fostering a supportive and nurturing environment. 4. By educating parents, the nursing staff can work collaboratively with families to optimize the infant's care and well-being. Summary: A: Grouping care activities may help with rest but does not directly address overstimulation and increased oxygen use. B: Keeping charts on top of the incubator is irrelevant to addressing overstimulation. C: Providing a soft report does not directly address overstimulation or involve parents in recognizing signs.