ATI RN
Pediatric Emergency Nursing PICO Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which should the nurse recommend for the diet of a child with chronic renal failure?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: For a child with chronic renal failure, it is important to recommend a diet that is low in phosphorus. In chronic renal failure, the kidneys have difficulty filtering phosphorus from the blood, leading to high levels of phosphorus in the body. High phosphorus levels can contribute to bone problems and other complications in renal failure patients. By recommending a diet low in phosphorus, the nurse can help manage the child's condition and reduce the risk of further complications. It is also important to monitor other electrolyte levels such as calcium, potassium, and sodium, and adjust the diet accordingly to maintain proper balance.
Question 2 of 5
Which is the most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Streptococcus viridans is the most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis. This group of bacteria consists of various species, including S. sanguinis and S. mutans, which normally reside in the oral cavity and are commonly associated with endocarditis following dental procedures. Streptococcus viridans can enter the bloodstream due to dental work, oral infections, or trauma to the oral tissues, and cause infective endocarditis by adhering to damaged heart valves or endocardium. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus species are other common pathogens associated with endocarditis, but Streptococcus viridans remains the most prevalent causative agent.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is conducting discharge teaching about signs and symptoms of heart failure to parents of an infant with a repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Which signs and symptoms should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In pediatric emergency nursing, understanding the signs and symptoms of heart failure is crucial for timely intervention. In the case of an infant with repaired tetralogy of Fallot, the correct answer is C) Decreased urinary output. This is because in heart failure, decreased cardiac output leads to reduced renal perfusion, causing decreased urine production. This sign indicates fluid retention, a common feature of heart failure. Option A) Warm flushed extremities is incorrect because in heart failure, cold, clammy extremities are more common due to poor perfusion. Option B) Weight loss is incorrect as infants with heart failure often present with weight gain due to fluid retention. Option D) Sweating (inappropriate) is incorrect as sweating is a non-specific symptom and not typically associated with heart failure in infants. Educationally, it is important for nurses to be able to recognize subtle signs of heart failure in pediatric patients, as early detection can lead to better outcomes. Teaching parents about these signs empowers them to monitor their child's condition closely and seek medical attention promptly if needed.
Question 4 of 5
A man with a history of diabetes and chronic lung disease is admitted to the hospital with prostate cancer. He has all the following symptoms. Which should the nurse address first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this case, the nurse should address the respiratory rate of 36 breaths per minute first, as it indicates potential respiratory distress in a patient with chronic lung disease. Rapid and shallow breathing could be a sign of worsening lung function or complications such as pneumonia, which require immediate attention to ensure adequate oxygenation and prevent further deterioration. Monitoring and addressing the patient's respiratory status are crucial in preventing respiratory failure and other serious complications.
Question 5 of 5
. A female client experiences trauma to her urinary tract during an accident. Which of the ff factors should the nurse consider while assessing the client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When assessing a female client who has experienced trauma to her urinary tract, it is essential for the nurse to focus on assessment and recognition of abnormal findings. This includes assessing for signs and symptoms such as pain, blood in the urine, difficulty urinating, frequent urination, or any other unusual changes in urinary habits. These abnormal findings can help the nurse identify the extent of the trauma and provide appropriate intervention or treatment. It is crucial to prioritize the client's physical health and well-being in this situation. Factors such as sexual habits, allergies to seafood, and insurance coverage may be important in other contexts but are not directly relevant to assessing trauma to the urinary tract.