Which should the nurse recommend for the diet of a child with chronic renal failure?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: For a child with chronic renal failure, it is important to recommend a diet that is low in phosphorus. In chronic renal failure, the kidneys have difficulty filtering phosphorus from the blood, leading to high levels of phosphorus in the body. High phosphorus levels can contribute to bone problems and other complications in renal failure patients. By recommending a diet low in phosphorus, the nurse can help manage the child's condition and reduce the risk of further complications. It is also important to monitor other electrolyte levels such as calcium, potassium, and sodium, and adjust the diet accordingly to maintain proper balance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Right-sided heart failure is characterized by the inability of the right side of the heart to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid accumulation in the systemic venous system. This fluid overload typically manifests as signs of congestion in the peripheral tissues. Dependent pitting edema is a classic symptom of right-sided heart failure, where swelling is noted in the lower extremities and sacral area, worsening later in the day due to the effects of gravity. Orthopnea (B) and exertional dyspnea (C) are more indicative of left-sided heart failure, where congestion occurs in the pulmonary system. Hemoptysis (D) refers to coughing up blood and is not a classic symptom of heart failure but may be seen in conditions such as pulmonary embolism or infection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: #NAME?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, may be the first abnormal sign detected in a client with cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, which can lead to impaired heart function. As the heart's ability to pump blood effectively is compromised, the body may not receive an adequate supply of oxygen-rich blood. This can result in symptoms such as dyspnea, especially during physical exertion or when lying down. Ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen), chest pain, and heart murmur may also be seen in clients with cardiomyopathy but are not typically the first signs to present. Dyspnea is often a key indicator that should prompt further evaluation and monitoring for cardiac issues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the 6-month-old infant would typically be in the stage known as primary circular reactions. This stage occurs from around 1 to 4 months of age up to about 1 year old. During this stage, infants begin to repeat actions that bring them pleasure or interesting results, such as sucking their thumb or repeating simple movements like kicking. These repetitive actions are circular in nature because they involve the infant's own body, and they serve as the building blocks for more complex interactions and understanding of the world. This stage is characterized by the infant's increasing ability to coordinate sensory information with motor actions, laying the foundation for further cognitive development.