Which should NOT raise suspicion of autistic spectrum disorders?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Pediatrician concern. In pediatric nursing, it is important to understand the key indicators of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to provide early intervention and support. A pediatrician's concern should always raise suspicion as they are trained to recognize developmental milestones and potential signs of ASD in children. Sibling with ASD (option A) can raise suspicion as there is a genetic component to ASD, increasing the risk for siblings. Playmate or parental concerns (options B and C) can also be valid indicators, but they may not have the same level of expertise and training as a pediatrician when it comes to identifying developmental concerns. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of collaboration between healthcare professionals, families, and caregivers in identifying and supporting children with ASD. It emphasizes the role of pediatricians in early detection and intervention, underscoring the significance of a multidisciplinary approach in pediatric care. By understanding these nuances, pediatric nurses can better advocate for children with ASD and support their families effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding breath-holding spells is crucial for providing effective care to children. The correct answer, option C, "expression of frustration or anger," is the best statement because breath-holding spells are typically triggered by emotional stimuli rather than medical conditions. Children experiencing frustration or anger may involuntarily hold their breath, leading to cyanosis and loss of consciousness. Option A, "manifestation of iron deficiency anemia," is incorrect because breath-holding spells are not directly linked to anemia but rather to emotional triggers. Option B, "type of seizure," is also incorrect as breath-holding spells do not involve abnormal electrical activity in the brain characteristic of seizures. Option D, "problem manifest when the child becomes older," is incorrect as breath-holding spells typically occur in young children, usually between 6 months to 6 years of age. Educationally, it is important to differentiate breath-holding spells from other medical conditions to provide appropriate care and support. By understanding the triggers and nature of breath-holding spells, nurses can effectively educate parents on how to manage and prevent these episodes, thus ensuring the well-being of the child. It is essential for healthcare professionals to have a comprehensive understanding of pediatric conditions to deliver safe and quality care to pediatric patients and their families.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In understanding the rationale behind the correct answer and why the other options are incorrect in the context of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), it is crucial to delve into the core characteristics of ASD. Option A states that there are 3 grades of severity in ASD, which is a recognized aspect of the disorder. ASD is indeed characterized by a spectrum of symptoms and severity levels, ranging from mild to severe. Option B mentions superior intellectual functioning in select areas, which is also a common feature seen in individuals with ASD. While they may struggle with certain social and communication skills, some individuals with ASD exhibit exceptional abilities in specific areas like mathematics or music. Option C, motor deficits, can also be present in individuals with ASD. Motor coordination challenges are often observed in children with ASD, impacting their motor skills and physical movements. The correct answer, D, truancy, is not a recognized characteristic of ASD. Truancy refers to an unexcused absence from school, which is not a defining feature of ASD. Children with ASD may have difficulties with attending school regularly due to various reasons, but truancy implies a deliberate act of skipping school without a valid reason, which is not a symptom of ASD. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses, to have a comprehensive understanding of the core features of ASD to provide effective care and support for children with this condition. Recognizing the key characteristics and differentiating them from unrelated behaviors or issues is crucial in promoting the well-being and development of individuals with ASD.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) Hurler syndrome. Generalized edema of the newborn can occur due to various conditions, but Hurler syndrome is not typically associated with this specific symptom. Prematurity (Option A) can lead to generalized edema in newborns due to immature renal function and increased capillary permeability. Nonimmune hydrops (Option B) is characterized by excessive fluid accumulation in fetal compartments, leading to edema. Turner syndrome (Option C) can present with lymphedema or swelling of the hands and feet due to lymphatic system abnormalities. Educationally, understanding the causes of generalized edema in newborns is crucial for pediatric nurses. Recognizing these conditions helps in early identification, appropriate interventions, and providing optimal care for newborns. By differentiating between conditions like prematurity, nonimmune hydrops, and genetic syndromes like Turner syndrome, nurses can contribute effectively to the multidisciplinary team caring for neonates with edema. Knowing that Hurler syndrome does not typically present with generalized edema is a key point in clinical assessment and differential diagnosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) the overall incidence of multifetal gestation is unchanged. Explanation: - The overall incidence of multifetal gestation can change due to various factors such as advancements in assisted reproductive technologies, maternal age, and other environmental factors. - This statement is incorrect because the incidence of multifetal gestation has been increasing over the years due to factors like fertility treatments. Why others are wrong: A) The reported incidence of spontaneous twinning is lowest in Asian races. This statement is true as there is a lower incidence of spontaneous twinning in Asian races compared to other racial groups. B) Triplets are estimated to occur in 1 in 86² pregnancies in the USA. This statement is true and reflects the relatively low occurrence of triplets compared to singletons or twins. C) The incidence of monozygotic twins is unaffected by racial or familial factors. This statement is generally true as monozygotic twinning is mostly considered a random occurrence and not influenced by racial or familial factors. Educational context: Understanding the factors influencing multiple gestation pregnancies is crucial for healthcare providers in prenatal care and obstetrics. It helps in providing appropriate care and counseling to expectant mothers carrying multiple fetuses. Moreover, knowledge of these factors aids in predicting and managing potential complications associated with multifetal pregnancies, promoting positive maternal and neonatal outcomes.