Which sexually transmitted infection is characterized by a foul-smelling, yellow-green discharge accompanied by vaginal pain and dyspareunia?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Trichomoniasis. Trichomoniasis is characterized by a foul-smelling, yellow-green vaginal discharge accompanied by vaginal pain and dyspareunia. This infection is caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis and is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) among women. Option A) Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and does not typically present with the symptoms described in the question. Syphilis presents with painless sores or ulcers. Option B) Herpes simplex is caused by the herpes simplex virus and presents with painful blisters or sores in the genital area, rather than the specific discharge described. Option D) Condylomata acuminata, also known as genital warts, is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and presents with flesh-colored growths in the genital area, not the specific discharge and symptoms associated with trichomoniasis. Educationally, understanding the characteristic symptoms of common STIs is crucial for nurses working in maternal newborn health. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of various infections allows for prompt diagnosis and treatment, ultimately improving outcomes for both the mother and newborn. Nurses play a vital role in educating patients about safe sex practices, STI prevention, and the importance of seeking medical care if symptoms arise.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C: "Since my partner and I are both HIV positive, we use a condom." Explanation: Option C demonstrates an understanding of HIV transmission prevention. In cases where both partners are HIV positive, consistent condom use is still crucial to prevent reinfection with different strains of the virus and to reduce the risk of other sexually transmitted infections. This approach aligns with current guidelines to promote safer sexual practices and protect individuals' health. Why the other options are incorrect: A) Option A is incorrect because with appropriate medical care, including antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and delivery, the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be significantly reduced to as low as 1% or less. B) Option B is incorrect because checking viral load and antibody levels every day is unnecessary and not a standard recommendation. Regular monitoring as per healthcare provider's guidance is important, but daily monitoring is not practical or indicated. D) Option D is incorrect because while oral sex carries a lower risk of HIV transmission compared to unprotected vaginal or anal sex, there is still a risk involved. Using condoms consistently and correctly is recommended for all types of sexual activity. Educational context: Understanding the nuances of HIV care and prevention is crucial in maternal newborn nursing. Educating individuals about safe sexual practices, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and regular medical monitoring are essential components of care for women living with HIV during pregnancy and beyond. Promoting accurate information and dispelling myths about HIV transmission are key aspects of providing comprehensive care to this population.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In counseling about Gardasil, the correct answer is C) The most common side effect from the vaccine is pain at the injection site. This information is crucial to prepare individuals for a common, expected reaction to the vaccine. Understanding this common side effect can alleviate fears and misconceptions about the vaccine's safety and effectiveness. Option A is incorrect because Gardasil is recommended for women regardless of their sexual activity status, as it can still provide protection against HPV strains they may not have been exposed to. Option B is incorrect because Gardasil protects against specific strains of HPV, not all strains. It is important to clarify this to ensure accurate information is provided during counseling. Option D is incorrect because being allergic to eggs is not a contraindication for receiving the Gardasil vaccine. This misconception could prevent individuals from getting vaccinated unnecessarily. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare professionals to provide accurate and comprehensive information about vaccines to empower individuals to make informed decisions about their health. Counseling on vaccines like Gardasil should include details on common side effects, efficacy, target population, and any contraindications to ensure individuals have a clear understanding of the benefits and risks associated with vaccination.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In teaching an uncircumcised male to use a condom, it is crucial to include the instruction to pull back the foreskin before applying the condom. This is the correct answer because failure to retract the foreskin can lead to discomfort, constriction, and possible tearing of the foreskin during intercourse. By pulling back the foreskin, the condom can be properly placed on the penis, ensuring a comfortable fit and effective protection. Option A, applying mineral oil to the shaft of the penis after applying the condom, is incorrect because it is unnecessary and may actually compromise the integrity of the condom, increasing the risk of breakage. Option C, creating a reservoir at the tip of the condom after putting it on, is incorrect because this step is important for circumcised males to allow space for ejaculate, but it is not necessary for uncircumcised males as the foreskin already provides this function. Option D, waiting five minutes after ejaculating before removing the condom, is incorrect as it does not pertain to the correct method of applying a condom for an uncircumcised male. In an educational context, it is important to emphasize the proper technique of using a condom for uncircumcised males to ensure both effective contraception and protection against sexually transmitted infections. Clear and accurate instruction can empower individuals to take control of their sexual health and well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) "This is one method that can be used during menstruation." This response indicates an understanding of the purpose and timing of diaphragm use in contraception. Option A is incorrect because examining the diaphragm against light is not a recommended practice for its use. Option C is incorrect as leaving the diaphragm in place for an extended period can increase the risk of toxic shock syndrome. Option D is incorrect because using powder on the diaphragm can increase the risk of infection and is not a recommended practice. In an educational context, it is crucial for women to understand the proper use of contraception methods like the diaphragm to ensure their effectiveness and safety. Teaching about correct insertion, removal, and cleaning practices is essential to prevent unintended pregnancies and complications. Understanding the timing of diaphragm use, as indicated in option B, is critical for effective contraception.