Which secondary data source would the public health nurse utilize to benchmark local health patterns to national (U.S.) patterns?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Healthy People 2030. The rationale is that Healthy People 2030 provides national health objectives and benchmarks to compare local health patterns against. It offers comprehensive data on national health priorities and goals. The other choices - B: Key informant interview, C: U.S. Census data, and D: Focus group report - do not specifically provide national health patterns for benchmarking purposes, making them incorrect options for this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because in constructivist theory, learners build on their existing knowledge. By assessing their knowledge about smoking cessation, the nurse can tailor the education program to address gaps and build upon what participants already know. This approach promotes active engagement and meaningful learning. A: Rewarding positive behaviors may align more with behaviorism than constructivism, focusing on external reinforcement rather than internal meaning-making. B: Encouraging reflection is important in constructivism, but assessing knowledge first is crucial to ensure that reflection is based on accurate information. C: Modeling desired behaviors is effective in observational learning but may not fully align with the principles of constructivism, which emphasize individual meaning-making and knowledge construction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is A because providing a health screening for hypertension is a community health nursing intervention. Firstly, community health nursing focuses on promoting and preserving the health of populations. Conducting health screenings, such as for hypertension, is a preventive measure that targets a community as a whole. This intervention aims to identify individuals at risk, provide education, and facilitate early intervention to prevent complications and promote community well-being. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Administering a flu vaccine to an individual (B) is a clinical nursing intervention rather than a community health nursing intervention. Assisting with activities of daily living for an elderly client (C) is more aligned with home health nursing or long-term care rather than community health nursing. Conducting a physical assessment in a private clinic (D) is also more related to clinical nursing practice rather than community health nursing, which focuses on population-based interventions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most effective intervention is providing free immunization clinics in the community. This directly addresses the issue by making vaccines easily accessible to the community, leading to higher immunization rates. Distributing pamphlets (A) may raise awareness but does not guarantee action. Surveying for hesitancy (C) is important but may not directly increase rates. Educating during hospital visits (D) targets a limited audience. Free clinics (B) remove barriers to access, making it the most effective intervention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because providing written materials on stress management techniques falls under the cognitive domain of learning, which involves acquiring knowledge and understanding. Written materials allow clients to read, process, and comprehend information about stress management. This activity encourages critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Demonstrating deep breathing exercises (choice A) and guiding participants through muscle relaxation exercises (choice D) are in the psychomotor domain, involving physical skills and coordination. Leading a group discussion on stress-related experiences (choice C) is in the affective domain, focusing on emotions and attitudes. In this context, providing written materials is the most suitable activity for engaging clients in cognitive learning.