Which row identifies the chemical product of the fuel cell and the type of energy used to power the vehicles?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because in a fuel cell, the chemical product is water (H2O) produced from the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and the energy used to power the vehicles is electrical energy generated from the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell. Choice A (hydrogen, electrical) is incorrect because hydrogen is the input fuel, not the output product. Choice B (hydrogen, thermal) is incorrect because thermal energy is not the primary form of energy produced in a fuel cell. Choice D (water, thermal) is incorrect because while water is the product, the energy produced is electrical, not thermal.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: steroid hormones. Steroid hormones are known to regulate gene expression by binding to specific receptors and influencing transcription processes. They can directly affect the transcription of new messenger RNA in the cell. Pancreatic hormones (A), catecholamines (C), and pituitary gland hormones (D) are not directly involved in the transcription of new messenger RNA. Pancreatic hormones primarily regulate blood sugar levels, catecholamines are involved in the fight-or-flight response, and pituitary gland hormones regulate various functions such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Excess growth hormone suppresses cancer by promoting healthy cell growth and inhibiting apoptosis. Diabetes can result from growth hormone excess due to insulin resistance. Giantism in children and acromegaly in adults are both caused by excess growth hormone stimulating excessive skeletal and soft tissue growth. Therefore, the correct answer is B because excess growth hormone does not suppress cancer; it actually promotes cell growth and proliferation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: The pituitary gland is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. Step 2: The cavernous sinus is a venous sinus located on each side of the sella turcica. Step 3: The pituitary gland lies laterally to the cavernous sinus. Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is A: The cavernous sinus. Summary: B is incorrect as the hypothalamus is superior to the pituitary gland. C is incorrect as the diaphragma sellae is a part of the dura mater covering the pituitary gland. D is incorrect as the optic chiasma is located superior to the pituitary gland.

Correct Answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH is produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. Inhibin is produced in the ovaries and testes, not the pituitary gland. Triiodothyronine is a thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland, not the pituitary gland. Oxytocin is produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, not the anterior lobe. Therefore, the correct answer is B because it is the hormone that originates from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.