Which response would the nurse give to a client who asks, “What is causing my acne?”

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because increased androgenic hormones stimulate sebaceous glands, leading to excess oil production and acne. This is supported by scientific evidence. Choice A (eating chocolate) and B (eating fatty foods) lack direct correlation to acne development. Choice C (poor hygiene) can contribute to acne but is not the primary cause. Therefore, D is the most logical response based on the pathophysiology of acne.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thoracic. The mediastinum is a central compartment in the thoracic cavity that houses vital structures such as the heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland. It is located between the lungs and extends from the sternum to the vertebral column. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Dorsal refers to the back, C: Abdominal refers to the abdomen, and D: Cranial refers to the head. These locations do not accurately describe the position of the mediastinum.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dermis. The dermis is the layer of the skin that contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. Sweat glands produce sweat, sebaceous glands produce oil, and hair follicles are responsible for hair growth. The epidermis (choice A) is the outermost layer and does not contain these structures. The hypodermis (choice C) is the deepest layer and mainly consists of fat cells, not sweat glands, sebaceous glands, or hair follicles. Therefore, the dermis is the correct choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the integumentary system has evolved various adaptations to help organisms survive in different environments. A is correct as thick fur or feathers help retain heat in cold climates. B is correct as thick skin helps prevent water loss in desert climates. C is correct as scales or fins protect aquatic animal skin. Therefore, D encompasses all these adaptations, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: It is hypertension with no specific cause. Essential hypertension is the most common type of high blood pressure, where there is no identifiable underlying cause. This distinguishes it from secondary hypertension which is caused by another disease (eliminating option A). Option B is incorrect as the term 'essential' in essential hypertension does not imply the necessity of treatment, but rather the absence of a known cause. Option D is also incorrect as essential hypertension does not necessarily refer to severe or life-threatening hypertension, but rather indicates a primary form with no specific cause.