Which response by a 15-year-old demonstrates a common symptom observed in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because insomnia, particularly early morning awakening, is a common symptom of major depressive disorder. This symptom is often associated with the inability to fall back asleep and can lead to significant fatigue and impairment during the day. It is important to note that sleep disturbances are a key criterion for diagnosing depression. A, B, and C are incorrect because restlessness (choice A) is more commonly associated with anxiety disorders, excessive studying for future goals (choice B) may indicate high achievement motivation rather than depressive symptoms, and unintentional weight loss (choice C) can be a sign of various medical conditions but is not specific to major depressive disorder.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Acceptance that death is a natural part of life. This factor is crucial for hospice nurses as it enables them to approach end-of-life care with compassion and understanding. By accepting death as a natural process, the nurse can provide respectful care without fear or denial. Possessing excellent nursing skills (B) is important but not as impactful as having the right mindset towards death. A healthy personal life (C) can contribute to overall well-being but may not directly impact the nurse's ability to provide respectful care. While the desire to work with both the patient and family (D) is important, it is the acceptance of death that underpins the nurse's ability to provide professional care in the hospice setting.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: time pressure. When the transport team is waiting and the client is due for a diagnostic test, time becomes a critical environmental factor for the nurse to consider. Time pressure can impact the timely completion of the test, potential delays in care, and overall patient safety. Medical records (A) are important but may not directly affect the immediate decision-making in this scenario. Resources (B) and task complexity (C) are also important factors, but time pressure takes precedence as it directly influences the urgency and efficiency of the situation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because according to Freud's psychosexual development theory, the oral stage occurs from birth to 18 months. During this stage, infants derive pleasure from sucking and biting, hence using a pacifier to relieve anxiety is a normal behavior. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they describe behaviors that are not developmentally appropriate for the respective age groups according to Freud's theory. Choice B refers to the latency stage (6 to puberty), choice C suggests the phallic stage (3 to 6 years), and choice D indicates the anal stage (18 months to 3 years).

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, "Offering self." This is because when a nurse makes themselves available and provides emotional support, they are offering their presence and support to the client, showing empathy and readiness to assist. This approach helps build a therapeutic relationship and provides a safe space for the client to express their feelings. Now, let's analyze the other choices: A: "Focusing" involves directing the conversation to a specific topic or issue, which is different from providing emotional support. C: "Restating" is a technique used to clarify and confirm understanding of the client's message, not necessarily providing emotional support. D: "Giving recognition" involves acknowledging the client's efforts or progress, which is not the same as offering emotional support. In summary, "Offering self" is the most appropriate choice as it aligns with the nurse's role in providing emotional support and being present for the client in a therapeutic manner.