Which region of the brain is farthest from the spinal cord?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The telencephalon (cerebrum) is the most rostral brain region, farthest from the spinal cord. Myelencephalon (medulla) is closest, followed by metencephalon, mesencephalon, and diencephalon.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting signals. Nerves (A) are bundles of axons, not the working unit itself. The cell body (C) is a part of a neuron, not the whole unit. Neuralgia (D) refers to nerve pain, not a structure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Monosynaptic reflexes involve a single synapse between the sensory neuron and motor neuron, typically seen in stretch reflexes like the knee jerk (A), biceps jerk (B), and triceps jerk (C), mediated by muscle spindles and alpha motor neurons. The abdominal reflex (D) is polysynaptic, involving multiple synapses in the spinal cord and interneurons, as it is a superficial reflex triggered by cutaneous stimulation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cones (not 'cons,' likely a typo) handle photopic (daylight) vision, not scotopic (rods do, ruling out A). Intraocular pressure is typically 10-21 mmHg (B is slightly off), myopia is corrected with concave lenses (C is correct), and the light reflex is mediated by the midbrain, not cortex (D). C is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pyramidal (upper motor neuron) signs include hypertonia (A), upgoing toe (C, Babinski sign), and absent abdominal reflexes (D). 'Hyprflexion' (B, likely hyperreflexia typo) is not a standard term, but hyperreflexia fits; still, it’s less specific than others. B is the odd one out.